Free Papers presented at 1st Annual National Conference of Society for Addiction Psychology - 2023
Free Papers presented at 1st Annual National Conference of Society for Addiction Psychology - 2023
List of abstracts
Demographic and clinical profile of women seeking treatment for substance use in an Indian tertiary mental health care hospital
Ashwathi PG,1 Gitanjali Narayanan2
1Clinical Psychologist, Center for Addiction Medicine, National Institute for Mental Health and
Neurosciences, Bangalore
2Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore
Background: Women have unique bio-psycho-social factors contributing to substance use. With the increase in the number of women seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs), and the dearth of associated literature, there is a need to consistently examine variables associated with the group. Aims and objectives. To study the demographic and clinical profile of women seeking treatment for substance use disorder in a Government De-addiction Centre in Bengaluru. Method: Retrospective investigation of hospital records was the main source of data for the study. Relevant details of all females who sought in-patient treatment in the de-addiction center from Jan 2017 to Dec 2022 were explored. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency distribution was used for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 253 women sought inpatient treatment, with a mean age of 40 years ± 13 years. The primary substance of use was alcohol, followed by opioids and benzodiazepines. Mean age of initiation of alcohol use was 26 ± 10 years, and dependence was 31 ± 11 years. Most of the women (39%) reported the reason for initiation to be due to peer influence. Majority of them were married and living with their spouse (55%), unemployed or unskilled workers (19%), middle- school educated (27%), Hindus (89%), above poverty line (62%) and from Karnataka (79%). Half of the women sought treatment by themselves. Several reported facing significant interpersonal and occupational crises. One third was diagnosed with a comorbid mood disorder. Externalizing behaviors such as impulsivity (15%), internalizing behaviours such as generalized anxiety (9%), along with developmental vulnerabilities such as poverty, aborted schooling, poor social support and family history of substance dependence were key inferences. Conclusions. The results indicate a significant trend in the demographic and clinical profile of women seeking treatment for SUDs, and are discussed in the light of relevant existing data.
Keywords: psychology of women, substance use, mental health.
88 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
To study the interpersonal and intrapersonal relationship and satisfaction in life as predictors of relapse risk in patients with substance use disorder
Sona Khan
Student, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth University
Background: There are several factors that can increase the risk of becoming an addict making it hard to define why and who are more prone to it. As a consequence of substance use, health, interpersonal relationships and personal functioning can decline over time. A few do try to reduce use but withdrawal symptoms may prevent successful abstinence. In certain cases, resilience helps them move ahead and overcome those withdrawal symptoms yet there always stays the risk of relapse. As one steps into the social life they become prone to relapse. Aims and objectives. This study explored the interpersonal and intrapersonal relationship and life satisfaction as predictors of relapse risk in patients with substance use disorder. It also describes techniques to prevent relapse, skills required to improve interpersonal and intra personal relationships and factors promoting abstinence or leading to relapse. Method. Fifty patients who previously suffered substance abuse disorders were given a self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions about interpersonal relationships, intrapersonal relationships, satisfaction from themselves, causal factors to begin substance abuse and resilience to improve. Qualitative analysis of responses helped determine the objectives of the study. Results. It was found that there will be a very tiny percentage of cases that are most resilient and committed to never using the substance again. Sobriety does affect their approach towards managing situations. Between 40 to 60 percent of people who were addicts might relapse and that is inevitable. Conclusion: Our findings show that resilience has been the key factor although family support does count and the satisfaction factor is somewhat complex to fit in.
Keywords: interpersonal/intrapersonal factors, substance use, resilience.
Metacognition, personality traits and psychopathology of person with alcohol dependence syndrome
Hemant Kashyap,1 Karuna Kashyap,2 Nandan Kumar Thakur,3 Mahabir,4 Thiyam Kiran Singh5
1Ph.D. Clinical Psychology Research Scholar, Mizoram University
2M. Phil Scholar Psychiatric Social Work, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
3Assistant professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur
4Rehabilitation psychologist, department of psychiatry, Loona Hospital, Panchkula
5Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Mizoram University
Background: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a debilitating condition with serious adverse effects on health and psychosocial functioning. The most effective psychological treatments for AUD show moderate efficacy and return to dysregulated alcohol use after treatment is still common. The study can guide professionals to develop stress reduction programs specifically designed for this population. Purpose: To study the relationship among metacognition, Person- ality traits and psychopathology of person with alcohol dependence syndrome. Methods: The research design was cross sectional and using purposive sampling method. The participants were recruited in 1 group as per defined criteria. 60 peoples with alcohol dependence (n=60) from North India within the age range of 18-40 years. The tools used in study were: Metacognitions questionnaire for alcohol abusers (MCQ-A) and Million Clinical Multiaxial inventory (MCMI). The assessment took 60 – 70 minutes for each participant. Results: The findings and conclusion will be presented at the time of paper presentation.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 89
Spasmoproxyvon dependence and antisocial personality disorder: A case reports
Arpita Roy,1 Geeta Singh2
1P.D.C.P. Trainee, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, AIBAS, Amity University, Lucknow
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Clinical Psychology, AIBAS, Amity University, Lucknow
Background: Drug dependence is a complex disorder with multiple factors involved. In 2019, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, conducted the National Survey on Extent and Pattern of Substance Use in India. The results of the survey indicated that approximately 0.7% of the Indian population suffer from opioid use disorders. Most of these cases are concentrated in states such as Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, and Andhra Pradesh, with 25 lakh individuals facing dependence on pharmaceutical opioids such as SpasmoProxyvon. The ease of availability of these drugs has led to an increase in dependence. A few cases of such addiction resulting in death have been reported. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate chronic opioid abuse by taking SpasmoProxyvon (SP). Method: A case study of a 26 year old male with a history of multiple attempts at detoxification and relapse presented with complaints of increased consumption of SpasmoProxyvon (50-60 tablets), anger outbursts, restlessness, low mood and decreased appetite. The detailed psychometric assessment was conducted in terms of personality and clinical syndrome. Results and conclusion: The assessment findings of this case highlight the crucial role of incorporating a personalized approach to psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy in substance abuse treatment program for individuals with co-occurring personality disorders. These underlying personality dysfunctions can exacerbate the symptoms of addiction, increase the progression and severity of withdrawal, trigger stronger drug cravings, lead to multiple substance dependencies, and cause social discomfort.
Keywords: opioid use, SpasmoProxyvon, opioid dependence, personality pattern.
Association among negative affect, disinhibition and meta cognitive beliefs in adults with alcohol use disorder
Surbhi Gupta,1 Deepika Srivastav,2 Sonia Puar3
1AIBHAS, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida
2Assistant Professor, AIBHAS, AUUP, Noida
3Assistant Professor, AIBHAS, AUUP, Noida
Background: Alcohol is attributed to 5.1% of the global burden of disease and injury. Adults with temperamental negative affectivity are more likely to engage in problematic drinking to alleviate the emotional discomfort while behavioural disinhibition predisposes them to high risk taking activities like binge drinking and meta cognitive beliefs about the outcome of this tendency maintain Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Aims and objectives. To study the relation among negative effect, disinhibition and meta cognitive beliefs in adults with AUD. Method. A single group cross- sectional research design was used. Adults with AUD were recruited through purposive sampling method. DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure—Adult, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Positive Alcohol Meta cognitions Scale and Negative Alcohol Meta cognitions Scale, Disinhibition Inventory-I and Adult Temperament Questionnaire were administered to collect the data. Correlational analysis was completed with IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0. Results. The data analysis demonstrated that negative meta cognitive beliefs (harm and uncontrollability) were positively correlated with disinhibition, fear, sadness, and discomfort. Positive meta cognitions (cognitive self-regulation) were negatively correlated with disinhibition and negative effect. Conclusion. The study found that disinhibition and negative affect increased with negative meta cognitive beliefs (harm and uncontrollability) while they decreased with positive meta cognitive beliefs of cognitive self-regulation.
Keywords: alcohol use disorders, disinhibition, meta cognitive beliefs, negative effect.
90 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Cognitive flexibility and body awareness: a comparative study amongst young adults with and without alcohol addiction
Sneha Gulati,1 Azmat Jahan2
1,2Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Sciences
Background: One of the most prevalent addictions people battle with is alcohol dependence, often known as alcohol use disorder. It is characterized by decision-making impairments that can exist as stable traits or as transient states. Cognitive inflexibility is thought to contribute to the inability to abstain from alcohol by reflecting an inability to update information that guides decision-making. Long-term alcohol consumption can weaken body awareness, which is defined as paying attention to normal, unemotional body processes, particularly sensitivity to bodily cycles and rhythms, the ability to detect even minor changes in functioning and the ability to anticipate bodily reactions. Aims and objectives. The present study compares and examines the relationship between cognitive flexibility and body awareness amongst those who are and are not addicted to alcohol. Method. For the present study, a sample of 60 participants (30 addicted and 30 not addicted to alcohol) of age range 18-35 were selected. The Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Mathew & Rebecca, 1995) and Body Awareness Questionnaire (Shields, Mallory & Simon, 1989) was used to assess the variables. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) was also used to measure severity of dependence on alcohol. It was hypothesized that there will be significant differences between both the groups on all the three variables. Results. Data was analyzed using t-test. Conclusion. The possibility of improved therapeutic management for substance use patients were further discussed.
Keywords: alcohol addiction, cognitive flexibility, body awareness.
Recognizing alcohol dependence as an expression of unresolved grief
Niyati Gautam,1 Deepika Srivastav,2 Anuneet Sabharwal3
1M.Phil Clinical Psychology trainee, AIBHAS, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
2Assistant Professor, AIBHAS, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
3Director, The Happy Tree Deaddiction and Mental Health Hospital
Background: Alcohol dependence has emerged as one of the most prevalent mental disorders in the Urban population of India. Unresolved grief is one of the precipitants commonly seen in Alcohol dependence. The current case study of Mr. K, 34 years old, male, unmarried, working in the field of Hotel Management, experiencing strong desire to consume alcohol, difficulties in controlling its use, progressive neglect of work and hobbies and persistent alcohol use despite having significant ill health after his parent’s demise highlights the role of unresolved grief in developing alcohol dependence. He reported appetite disturbances, social withdrawal, passive death wishes, decreased concentration, sleep disturbances and decline in motivation for goal-directed activities along with intrusive thoughts about parent’s demise. Aims and objectives: To accentuate on alcohol dependence as an expression of Unresolved Grief. Methods: In the view of the above difficulties, objective and projective psycho-diagnostic assessments were carried out which included AUDIT, Grief Experience Questionnaire, Draw-A-Person Test, Rorschach Inkblot Test and Millon’s Multiaxial Clinical Inventory. Results and conclusion: The findings indicate presence of alcohol dependence syndrome, persistent low mood, difficulty in interpersonal relations, impulsivity, feelings of inadequacy, stubbornness, rigidity, indecisiveness, negative self-concept, guilt and increased fatigue. Emotional over-constriction and disturbances in coping is also noted. The case was formulated in light of the test findings. The proposed psychotherapeutic management included Motivation Enhancement Therapy and Grief Therapy in addition to working on craving and withdrawal symptoms along with effective coping.
Keywords: alcohol dependence, unresolved grief, psychological assessment, coping.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 91
Review of outcomes research on marital and family therapy in treatment of alcoholism in Ayush Institute in 38 alcoholic patients
Mrinalini Dattatray More,1 Sandip Tambare2
1Counselor at Ayush Institute for Addiction Management, Solapur, Maharashtra
2Director, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management. Barshi Dist. Solapur, Maharashtra
Background: Substance use disorder are associated with numerous medical, psychiatric, psychological, spiritual, economic, social, family & legal problems, creating a significant burden for affected individuals, their families. Aim: Family intervention in the treatment of Alcoholic. Objective: Family therapy treatment of Alcoholism at Ayush institute, 38 Alcoholic patient. Methods: Al-Anon Facilitation and referral and spouse coping skills training, help family members cope better and community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT) promotes treatment entry and was successfully transformed to a Ayush Institute for Addiction Management of community clinic in a new study. Results: Present study result of MFT for two main stages of changes to Improve family coping and/or initiate. change when the alcoholic individual is un willing to seek help & Aid the alcoholics recovery once the individual has sought help. Conclusion: Once a Alcoholic entered treatment for un willingly to seek health family members cope better and family training promotes treatments entry of particularly behavioral couples Therapy (BCT) is clearly move effective then individual treatment and improving relationship functioning.
Understanding the interplay between the role of attitude towards treatment, barriers to treatment and motivation to accept or seek treatment in alcohol use disorder patients: an exploratory study
Swati Rana,1 Garima Joshi,2 Ridhima Shukla,3 Neeraj Pawar4
1-4Students at Christ (Deemed to be) University
Background: The presented research is an inspiration from the Recommendations of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Extramural Advisory Board ‘Alcohol Health Services Research’, 2007. Aims and objectives: To explore how attitudes towards treatment and barriers to care impact motivation to seek and/or accept services across patients with alcohol use disorder. Knowing the patient’s perspective towards given aspects can help in creating improved and more effective treatment strategies and continuum of care. Method: 95 male patients with Alcohol Use Disorder were selected through purposive sampling method from rehabilitation centres in Delhi NCR region. Patients were screened on MMSE for eliminating any level of cognitive impairment. Further, Attitude Towards Seeking Professional Help Questionnaire, Barrier Questionnaire and Patient Motivation Inventory was used. Results and Conclusion: Data has been collected and is under the statistical analysis. Findings of the same will be discussed in the light of Indian Socio-Cultural context.
Keyword: Alcohol Use Disorder, attitude, barriers, motivation, treatment.
Study of internet addiction and coping skills among school and college
students of eastern U.P.
Akanksha Singh,1 Jai Singh Yadav2
1Counselor COE-AH, IMS, BHU, Varanasi 221005
2Professor, Department of Psychiatry
Background: Use of internet among school and college going students in India is growing rapidly. Excessive use of internet, level of perceived stress due to academic pressure may increase the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA)
92 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
among the students. Aim: The purpose of the presents study was to assess and compare the level of perceived stress, the prevalence of IA and uses of coping skills among the school and college going students in Varanasi district. Material & Methods: The present study was based on cross-sectional comparative study design. A total of 100 school and college going students who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected through purposive sampling method from the selected school and college in Varanasi district. All the selected respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic Performa, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and coping skills questionnaire. Result: The prevalence of IA was found more (41%) among the respondents belong to age group < 20 years than others. Male respondents were found more (71.1%) addicted with internet than females (50.9%). There was a significant association (p<0.05) found between socio-demographic variables such gender, and family income and IA. The perceived stress was found more among the respondents aged < 20 years, female, and belongs to rural areas. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) found in the level of perceived stress between age groups, gender, and residence of the respondents. The respondents, who use more negative coping stress than positive skills to reduce their stress, were found more addicted with internet. Conclusion: The level of perceived stress and pattern of coping skills plays important role in the prevalence of IA among school and college going Students.
Dietary management of a diabetic patient with ODS: A case report from NDDTC, Ghaziabad
Rekha Pal Shah,1 Atul Ambekar,2 Ravinda Rao3
1Certified Diabatic Educator, Assistant Dietitian, NDDTC, AIIMS
2Professor, NDDTC AIIMS, 3 Professor, NDDTC, AIIMS
The prevalence of diabetes has been increased dramatically during the recent past, worldwide and in India. Objective: A case report on nutritional intervention for diabetes patient with opioid dependence syndrome (ODS). Case summary: A 65-year-old man, married and retired was admitted at NDDTC with ODS (injection Tramadol) for 10 years. Patient was a known case of T2DM (since 2002) with neuropathy (since 2010), on insulin human mixtard, HTN, and CABG. To find relief from neuropathic pain he started injection Tramadol (100 mg), which progressed eventually to a dependent pattern of use with tolerance, withdrawals, and compulsive use. On admission Patient height was 165 cm and weight were 70 kg, BMI = 25.7 Kg /m2. FBS was 242 mg/dl and he was not following Diabetic diet. Apart from pharmacological management of his opioid withdrawals, he was also provided nutritional intervention: A food frequency and 24 hrs dietary recall was captured at the time of admission and on day 1, he was advised diabetic diet along with small and frequent meal (1400 kcal high fiber low fat) with low salt. Patient oral intake was low, after intensive diet counselling he showed improvement in diet intake and started to take appropriate Diabetic diet as advised by Dietician. (1400 Kcal, 52.g Protein diabetic diet rich in fibre, low fat, through small and frequent meal i.e. 3 major and 3 minor meal). By the time of discharge, there was reduction in the mean fasting blood glucose levels 108 mg/dl, postprandial blood glucose levels 188 mg/dl (after breakfast). Conclusion: Dietary management with lifestyle modification of diabetic patient can result in significant reduction in blood sugar level and improvement in associated symptoms even in patients with opioid dependence undergoing detoxification.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, BMI, Food Habits, Nutritional Intervention, WHO.
Non pharmacologic intervention in acute alcohol withdrawal
Bapurao Machindra Hulule,1 SandipTambare2
1Manager at Ayush Institute For Indian Medical Sciences, Maharashtra
2Ayush Institute For Indian Medical Sciences Maharashtra
Background: Addiction is worldwide spreading problem & It is Prio–psycho social problem. Aims & Objective: The importance of non pharmacologic interventions in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Method: A randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 41 patients in alcohol withdrawal in an OPD department of ayush institute for Indian medical sciences. The patients received either supportive care (10 min of standardized assessments,
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 93
reassurance, reality orientation, and nursing care an hour) with three doses of sublingual lorazepam 2 mg every 2 hr (30 patients, drug group) or supportive care with three doses of sublingual placebo every 2 hr (30 patients, no-drug group). Immediately before each drug dose, the clinical course of alcohol withdrawal was assessed hourly by the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-A). Interrupters reliability in using CIWA-A was high. After each assessment, supportive care was given for 10 min before each dose. After completion of a 7-hr initial phase, patients were discharged and reassessed daily for 7 days. Result: Thirty-seven patients (90.2%) improved in the initial phase. Treatment failures (CIWA-A > 10) were more common in the patients treated without drug (3120, 15%) than in those treated with drug (1121, 4.8%). Overall variations in intergroup CIWA-A scores during the initial phase were not significant. The rate of improvement of CIWA-A scores over the first 2 hr after drug was slightly faster in patients receiving lorazepam than in the control group. CIWA-A scores were the same during follow-up. Conclusion: These results indicate that most outpatients in mild to moderate alcohol withdrawal without medical complications improve without drug therapy in the Out patient department setting.
Exploring recent trends in addiction and social connectedness:
A science mapping study
Prakhar Srivastava,1 Sayed Ebrahim Mubasheer S.M.,2 Samina Bano3
1&2Researchscholar Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia
3Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia
Background: Addiction has traditionally been viewed as an individual problem, however recent research points out that social connection play a critical role in the development and treatment of addictions. Aims & Objectives: This study aims to explore recent trends and advances in research related to addiction and social connectedness. We attempt to reach this aim using performance analysis and science mapping. Methods: We created a search string containing multiple keywords related to addiction and social connectedness and searched the Web of Science database. The initial search yielded 8,034 studies. After limiting the search to English language studies published in the last 5 years, we were left with 3,122 studies. Further analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel, Vosviewer and Data Wrapper. Result & Conclusion: The analysis has revealed publication trends, thematic clusters and research collaborations in the focus area of study. The USA (n=1634), China (n=315), and Canada (n=223) published the most studies. India has also contributed to the field with 33 published papers. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (n=150), Plus One (n=65), and Frontiers in Psychology (n=56) topped the list of most productive journals. Mark D. Griffith (n=16), Jason Gilies (n=14) and Carl Latkin (n=13) were the most productive researchers. Further, the bibliographic coupling revealed the presence of 5 clusters, out of which 3 had clear themes (Substance Abuse in Minority and Marginalized Population, Internet and Social Media Addiction in Youth, and Smartphone Addiction). This study sheds light on recent advances in the field, and it can be helpful in future research, policy initiatives and interventions.
Keywords: Addiction, Social Connectedness, Bibliographic Coupling.
Psychosocial management of addiction
Nabanita Hazarika1
Clinical Psychologist, Bishwanath Chariali Civil hospital, Assam
Patient Mr. Pis 38 years old married, Christian, studied up to class 10th, hailing from urban middle socio-economic status, came with the chief complaints of Excessive alcohol intake, Increased anger, Physically and Verbally abusive, Irrelevant talk, Decreased work functions, Crying and Smiling to self from the time duration of 18 years, where from last 6 months the symptoms have been increasing, with an insidious onset, continuous course and deteriorating progress in nature, with a significant personal history of marital conflicts, adjustment problems after that pre morbidly well adjusted with significant mental status examination finding revealing not maintained eye to eye contact properly, decreased tone of speech, depressive affect, Ideas of helplessness, poor judgment with grade 2 insight, can be provisionally diagnosed as, Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol, withdrawal state (F10.3) according
94 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
to ICD 10, was referred for psychological intervention. Total of 09 sessions were taken spanned over the duration of 1 month. Motivational emotive, Behavioral and supportive psychotherapeutic principles were applied to the patient as well as his wife with individual therapeutic approach. Initially Patient was not very receptive during the sessions but later he got an understanding of the illness and how it has developed and how it has been maintaining till now. He also started working at home properly as mentioned by his wife in follow ups. Along with that Patient started having confidence on him, started positively involving with his family, interacting with others without hesitation. As it was a very difficult case to me to handle with, but also a positive experience for me as a therapist as well as giving intervention to improve the conditions of the patient. There was a little self discouragement from going ahead with the case when I got to know about the domestic violence and especially marital rape with the wife. But I successfully overcome from it and again started seeing the patient with non-judgmental attitude. In spite of having all the difficulties the therapy process was satisfying for me also as it was progressed. I was successfully came out of it and terminated the sessions with intervention.
Psycho-social management of substance abuse: A critical review
Mudassir Aziz,1 Waheeda Khan,2 Arshad Hussain3
1Research Scholar, SGT University, Gurgaon-Delhi-NCR, India
2Professor, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon-Delhi-NCR, India
3Professor, IMHANS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Background: Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for substance misuse and dependence have advanced and expanded significantly in recent years. Aims and method: The present study is based on literature review, for this purpose, many electronic databases were used which pertain to psychosocial issues and application of therapies in addictive disorders. Psychosocial therapies have been proven to be generally successful. Some treatments, including cognitive behaviour therapy, motivational interviewing, and relapse prevention, seem to work well with a variety of addictive substances. Particularly for opiate addicts, prescribing psychological counselling, which is found to be more beneficial than managing only with medication. Research on the ideal pairings of psychological therapies and any specific matching effects, if any, should also be included in the expansion of the evidence base psychological treatment. Result and conclusion: Evidence-based psychological therapies should be incorporated into all substance use disorder treatment programmes as they are a crucial component of the treatment plan.
Keywords: psychosocial treatment, counselling, psychotherapy, drug dependence.
Psychosocial factors, severity of dependence and quality of life among patients with opioid use disorder
Kehksha1
1Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Tikaram Girls’ Degree College,
Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh State University, Aligarh
Background: Opioid is one of the most used substances in India and across the world which is often prevalent among specific socio demographic groups. These patients often present with several psychological problems like poor quality of life, anxiety, and depression as the severity of dependence increases. Aims & Objectives: This study investigated psychosocial factors prevalent among opioid patients, and to find out the severity of substance dependence and quality of life of these patients. Method and materials: A sample of 60 consecutive patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) as per DSM-5 criteria has been taken through purposive sampling method from a tertiary care hospital. All the patients were assessed on semi-structured clinical & socio demographic data sheet, severity of dependence scale, and WHO-quality of life-BREF. Result: Results indicated that majority of the patients were Muslims (56.7%), graduates (41.7%), living in urban areas (61.7%), unmarried (70%), students (51%), and were from middle socioeconomic status (71%). Half of the patients (51.7%) claimed that peer pressure caused them opioid use disorder. Family history indicated that 30% patients had been facing poverty. Approximately one-third of the patients reported
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 95
that their parents were overcritical to them (23.3%). One-fourth of the patients reported violence in their families. 26% patients had family history of alcohol and/ substance use, and 23% patients attempted suicide once in their lifetime. Mean age of the patients was found 23.68 years. A high number of patients (77%) reported high severity of dependence. More than 70% of the patients reported poor quality of life. Conclusion: Some people are more likely to suffer from opioid use disorder than others due to their specific socio demographic profiles. Poor psychosocial status and poor quality of life may lead them to further psychiatric illnesses. There should be a comprehensive treatment program not only for these patients but for their families too so that better outcome could be obtained.
Screen time use questionnaire (STQ): Content validation and field testing amongst adults
Ashwini Tadpatrikar,1 Manoj Kumar Sharma,2 Senthil Amudhan,3 Geetha Desai4
1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
(NIMHANS), SHUT Clinic, Bengaluru
2Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
(NIMHANS), SHUT Clinic, Bengaluru
3Additional Professor, Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
(NIMHANS), Bengaluru
4Professor, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS),
Bengaluru
Background: The ubiquitous presence of screens, our constant interaction and time spent with them suggests that this is the ‘Age of Screen’. Existing assessments are mainly focussed on internet use or internet addiction. However, internet is a part of wide spectrum of infor- mation and communication technologies. There is a dearth of assessments for screen time use in India and especially amongst adults, who use screens for work and recreational purposes. Aims & Objectives: The objectives of the study were to validate the Screen Time Use questionnaire (STQ) in Indian setting amongst adults and to assess its impact on physical and mental well-being. Methodology: The Screen time use questionnaire (STQ) was developed by Vinciano et al. (2019). A total of 10 experts in mental health and behavioural addiction were contacted through purposive sampling for validation and modification of the questionnaire. The modified scale and questionnaires for assessing physical and mental well-being were given to 40 adults for the field testing. Results: The content validity index (CVI) for the STQ was 0.98 with modifications suggested from the 10 experts. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach alpha which was found to be 0.76 suggesting internal consistency. The socio-demographic profile of the sample indicated working professionals, mainly in private sector, in the age range of 22-45 years. The average screen time use was 6 hours per day during the week-day and 7 hours during the week-end. The frequently used type of screen was found be laptop (40%) followed by mobile phone (25%). Further results indicating high positive co-relation between screen time use and body pain, anxiety, high distractibility and negative correlation between physical activity. Conclusion: The study has implications for assessing screen time use and providing guidelines or recommendations for healthy screen time use amongst adults.
Family environment, marital satisfaction and quality of life of alcoholics and non-alcoholics and their spouses
Ashok Parasar,1 Dinesh Naik2
1Clinical Psychologist, MCS, District Hospital, Gyanpur, Bhadohi, UP
2Principal, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon, Nasik
Background and aims: The present study aims to see the differences in family environment, marital satisfaction and quality of life of alcoholics and non-alcoholics and their spouses. Method: The sample comprised 600 participants out of which 150 were alcohol dependents (alcoholics) and 150 were their spouses. 150 normal control (non-alcoholic) and 150 were their spouses from Ankur Rehab Centre, Indore, M.P. The Non-Alcoholic participants were also collected in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The method of sample selection was purposive sampling. Alcohol Use Disorders
96 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Identification Test Second Edition (WHO, 1992), Family Environment Scale-Indian adaptation of FES, (Joshi & Vyas, 1987), Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS), (Amrutraj & Prakash, 1985), The WHOQOL (World Health Organization Quality of Life) - 100 (WHO, 1994) were used in data collection. Results: The study revealed that there is a significant difference between the alcoholics and non-alcoholics as well as spouses of Alcoholics and Non-alcoholics. Conclusion. From this study, psychologists, counselors, social workers/and other professionals will get few indications regarding areas of intervention with alcoholics and mostly how to tackle with the spouses of alcoholics.
Keywords: alcoholics, non-alcoholics, quality of life, marital satisfaction, family environment.
Internet addiction as predictor of cognitive inhibition in male and female early adults
Aysha Saifi1
1Research Scholar, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut
Background and aims: The purpose of this research was to study the internet addiction as predictor of cognitive inhibition in male and female early adult subjects. Method: The sample consisted of 120 male and female (N=60, each)subjects within the age group of 18-26 years. Internet addiction was measured with the help of Internet Addiction Test developed by Kim- berly Young to measure internet addiction and Cognitive inhibition was measured by Stroop Colour Word Test. Obtained data was statistically analyzed by t-test, correlation, mean and SD. Results and conclusion: There was no significant correlation between internet addiction and cognitive inhibition of male and female subjects. Further, gender was found to be a signif- icant factor on internet addiction in early adult subjects and no significant effect of gender was found on cognitive inhibition.
Keywords: internet addiction, cognitive inhibition, Stroop Colour Word Test, gender, early adults.
Predisposing role of anxious avoidant personality trait in the development of opioid dependence
Debarupa Ghosh,1 Deepika Srivastav,2 Anuneet Subharwal3
1M.Phil Clinical Psychology trainee, AIBHAS, Amity University, Noida Uttar Pradesh
2Assistant Professor, AIBHAS, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida
3Director, The Happy Tree Deaddiction and Mental Health Hospital
Background: Opioid dependence among the young adults has been growing as a public health concern recently. The present case report focuses on a patient, Mr. P, 27 years old, unmarried, male, currently unemployed, presented with the complaints of a strong desire to consume Her- oine and Suboxone and physiological withdrawal following abstinence with a history of use of self-prescribed anti-anxiety medications (Valium and Addnok), alcohol, cigarettes and brown sugar with a five years duration of illness. Aims and objectives: To understand the predisposing, precipitating and maintaining factors and to prepare psychotherapeutic management plan. Method: In the view of above symptomatology, psychodiagnostic assessments were planned which included Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, Bender Gestalt Test, Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III, Sack’s Sentence Completion Test, Thematic Apperception Test, Rorschach Inkblot Test, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Results: The personality assessment findings suggested the presence of anxious avoidant personality traits with difficulty in emotion regulation. The results also indicated self-blame, anxiety, ideas of guilt and marked desire to establish stable inter-personal relationships. With the help of the findings, the case formulation was prepared and psychotheraputic sessions were provided. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the predisposing role of anxious-avoidant personality trait in the development of opioid dependence in the present study.
Keywords: opioid dependence, anxious avoidant personality, psychological assessments, pre-disposing factors.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 97
Problematic internet use, bedtime procrastination and quality of sleep among young adults
Azmat Jahan,1 Divyani Khurana2
1,2Assistant Professor, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad
Background: Problematic internet use is a compulsive and problematic use of internet for prolonged periods of time that significantly impairs the function of an individual. It has been an emerging problem impacting individuals from all walks of life especially the young adults who often remain captured by the internet. Consequences range extensively from physical to mental health and also impacting the individuals social and work-life functioning. Implications of problematic internet use are also found in the area of sleep deprivation and poor quality of sleep. Aims and objectives: The current study aims to assess the link between problematic internet use, quality of sleep and bedtime procrastination and the effect of problematic internet use on quality of sleep and bedtime procrastination. Method: The sample comprised 100 indi- viduals within the age range of 18-25 years. Internet addiction test (Young, 1998), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (Kroese, Ridder, Ever & Adriaanse, 2014) and Single Item Sleep Quality Scale (Snyder, DeMuro, Morrison & Ball, 2018) was used to measure the variables of the study. Results: The data collection of the present study is under process and the result is awaited. The proposed outcome of the present study is that there would be a significant effect of problematic internet use on sleep quality and bed-time procrastination. Conclusion: The findings of the present study could help develope intervention and management plans for promoting health related behaviour among adults.
Keywords: problematic internet use, bedtime procrastination, quality of sleep, young adults.
COVID-19 and the changes in the pattern of opioid use and the determinants of change: a study from tertiary care hospital in Kashmir
Arjuman Fayaz,1 Yasir H. Rather,2 Nighat Akbar,3 Ubaid Rasool4
1-4 Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Kashmir
Background: The COVID19 crisis has created unprecedented social upheaval with negative impacts on human freedom, economic growth as well as physical and mental health. Aims and objectives: The study assessed the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the people with opioid use disorder, reasons of initiation of opioid use during COVID times, risk taking behaviors and psychiatric comorbidity. The results were compared with previous study carried out in the same center. Methods: The study is a retrospective chart review study to assess socio-demographic and clinical profile of 206 participants who visited the De-addiction center of IMHANS from February 2021 to June 2021. Results: Majority of the participants were males, with mean age being 24.4 years compared to 28.1 years in the previous study. 25% of participants were students. Heroin was the predominant drug of use and parental route being the dominant route of use. 27.6% of people initiated opioid use during lockdown with most common reason of initiation during COVID-19 being social isolation (36.5%). High risk behaviors of sharing and reusing needles was prevalent (92.8% and 34.7% respectively) compared to 87.1% and 19.7% respectively in the previous study, along with the presence of blood borne infections (53.76%). About 60.84% of the participants had a psychiatric comorbidity with MDD being the most common disorder reported. Conclusion: A good proportion of people initiated opioid use dur- ing lockdown. High risk behaviors of reusing and sharing needles was very prevalent along with psychiatric comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: COVID 19, substance use patterns, psychosocial factors
98 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Threat and prevention of alcohol abuse: understanding the dynamics of pathology and wellness
Shubham Gupta,1 Azmat Jahan2
1Department of Applied Psychology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
2Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
Background: Alcohol abuse is detrimental and its prevalence in Indian population has in- creased in recent years. Literature has reported that about 14.6% of the population consumes alcohol and are prone to illness. Considerable work has been done for treating alcohol abuse among adults but research on prevention and analysis of the impact on the population is limited. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to address this gap by conducting systematic literature review to study the prevention programs on emerging adults. The objective of the research is to assess the efficacy of existing prevention programs among these adults. Method: Systematic review of research articles was conducted across JSTOR, PubMed and Springer databases. It included longitudinal, quasi-experimental and experimental studies. The research papers were examined for eligibility using PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Out- come) criteria. Results and Conclusion: Various factors were identified including the risk and protective factors influencing the use, misuse, and abuse alcohol in emerging adulthood. The current research is encouraging and suggest implications for planning interventions to prevent alcohol abuse in this population.
Keywords: young adulthood, emerging adulthood, alcohol abuse, prevention.
A comparative study of neuropsychological functioning in aggressive and non-aggressive alcoholics
Akshat Shukla,1 Mona Ranga2
1Undergraduate Student, Department of Psychology, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi
2Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, India
Background: Alcohol-related aggression accounts for a significant portion of violent crimes, especially child abuse and intimate partner violence, worldwide. It is also known, however, that alcohol does not elicit aggressive behavior in all consumers. Existing literature on alcohol addiction does not refer to the mechanisms underlying the distinction between aggressive and non-aggressive alcoholics extensively enough, especially with regard to the neurological damage following long-term alcohol use and why it differentially affects behavioral tendencies in addicts. Aims and objectives: The current study aims to differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive alcoholic patients on the basis of neuropsychological functioning. The key objectives of the study are to assess the type and degree of neuropsychological impairment in aggressive and non-aggressive alcoholics and to check for differences in the same between them. Method: The participants (n = 30) comprised patients with a diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder (DSM 5). Patients will be assessed on alcohol-related aggression using the Alcohol-Related Aggression Questionnaire (ARAQ) and accordingly be grouped under ‘aggressive’ and ‘non-aggressive’. This will be followed by the administration of the AIIMS-Comprehensive Neuropsychological Battery (AIIMS-CNB) to assess their neuropsychological functioning in various cognitive and behavioural domains. Results: A comparative analysis of the performance of the two groups will be made and the results will be presented and analysed using suitable visual representations and statistical methods.Conclusion: The conclusions will be drawn based on the interpretation of the results obtained following data analysis.
Keywords: alcoholism, addiction, aggression, neuropsychological assessment
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 99
Evaluation of neurocognitive, personality, emotional and psychosocial biomarkers as candidate endophenotypes for opioid use disorder and their relationship with polymorphism in opioid & dopamine receptor genes: implications for prevention & treatment
Deepshikha,1 Prabhoo Dayal2
1Junior Research Fellow, National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC) and
Department of Psychiatry, Ghaziabad, India
2Additional Professor of Psychiatry, NDDTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
New Delhi, India
Background: Substance use disorders are among the common psychiatric disorders world-wide. It is a chronic relapsing disorder that manifests in a small subset of people exposed to the substance. It is still unclear why only a small subset of people exposed to substance subsequently develop substance use disorder. Opioid use disorders are representative substance use disorders which are chronic, associated with significant social, economic and health harm, ad- versely impacting the social fabric and requires long term management. A recent survey in India reports that the prevalence of opioid dependence is 0.70%, and to the best of our knowledge there is no Indian study that has assessed relationship of endophenotypes of opioid use disorder with opioid and dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms. The etiological mechanisms and pathophysiology of this chronic relapsing disorder remains poorly understood. Hence there is a need to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing substance use disorders. But currently there are no such sensitive and specific measurable markers that can serve as true biomarkers to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing substance use disorders. Aims and objectives: To identify neuro-cognitive, personality, emotional and psychosocial biomarkers as candidate endopheno type for opioid use disorder and their association with polymorphism in opioid and dopamine receptor genes. Method: This study will compare the neurocognitive, personality, emotional and psychosocial biomarkers of opioid-dependent individuals, their non-drug-dependent siblings and healthy unrelated comparison volunteers to identify the candidate endophenotypes for opioid use disorder. The concept of endophenotypes helps in understanding the underlying factors that make an individual vulner- able to opioid use disorder. Results& conclusion: The study is ongoing. However, there are a few findings that will be discussed during the conference.
Keywords: Opioid Use Disorder, biomarkers, endophenotypes, polymorphism, Dopamine Receptor Genes
Study of psychological dysfunction and cognitive impairment in alcohol
dependence patients
1Sachin Kumar Prajapati
1PhD scholar, Department of Clinical Psychology, Mizoram University
Background: Alcoholism has a higher prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders than the general population. Heavy drinking has been shown to affect the neuropsychological performance (e.g. memory functions) of young people and may impair the growth and integrity of certain brain structures. Depression is also a common comorbid condition in recently detoxified alcoholics and may relate to both the physiological effects of alcohol withdrawal and psychological factors such as remorse over one’s actions. Aims and objectives: An objective of the study will be to assess psychological dysfunction and cognitive impairment in alcohol-dependence patients and to compare them with healthy controls. Method: Across-sectional, non-interventional, case-control study would be applied for the present study. A total of 40 participants consisting of 20 alcohol dependent patients and 20 healthy controls will be randomly selected for the study. Data will be collected from the Drug De-addiction center in Delhi. The Michigan Alcohol Screening test (MAST) will be applied for assessing alcohol dependence, Brief Symptoms Inventory to assess psychological dysfunction and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) will be used to determine cognitive impairment. Results and conclusion:
100 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Depending on the nature of data, appropriate statistical analysis would be carried out for the same.
Keywords: Psychological dysfunction, Cognitive impairment and Alcohol dependence.
Neuro cognitive deficits & neurobiological abnormalities due to tobacco: A narrative review
Rudrakash Banga,1 Abhishek Banga2
1Registered Nurse, AIIMS, New Delhi, India 2Counselor, WCD, Delhi, India
Background: Despite its addictive effects, tobacco is one of the most prevalent substances used in India. It has negative effects on the physical and mental health of the consumer. Extensive literature has been dedicated to elucidating the negative consequences of tobacco use on physical health including cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular functions. However, little is known about its impact on cognition and neuropsychological functioning. This is due to a considerable gap and confounding status of tobacco use in literature due to its associated use with other substances like alcohol and cannabis. Aims and objectives: This review article is intended to delineate the neurocognitive deficits and neurobiological abnormalities due to tobacco use. Method. For this review, peer-reviewed human studies on neurocognitive and neurobiological abnormalities due to tobacco in general population was searched for by using [“Neuropsychological*” AND “Cognit*” AND “Neurocognit*” AND “Tobacco*”] as search query in 3 search engines namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science indexed during the period of last 10 years (from 2011 to 2022). Longitudinal, cross-sectional, meta-analytic studies and systematic reviews based on neuro imaging techniques were included. Results: The search query resulted in a total of 123 studies in PubMed (30 studies, 13 full text), Scopus (46 studies, 23 Green Open Access) and Web of Science (47 studies, 28 Open Access). After going through titles and abstracts and removing duplicate studies, a total of 25 relevant articles were chosen to synthesise results. Results indicated associations of tobacco with global brain atrophy, changes in reward centre, salience processing and insular cortical dysfunction and other structural and biochemical changes in commissural white matter, anterior frontal regions and subcortical nuclei. Neuro cognitive deficits like cognitive impulsivity, cognitive flexibility, general intellectual abilities, selective attention, visual attention, alternating attention working memory, short-term and long-term memory, processing accuracy, processing speed, and executive functioning were found to be most affected. Furthermore, prolonged prenatal tobacco exposure has also been found to be responsible for problems in emotion regulation, disruptive behaviour disorders like ADHD and conduct disorders and lower verbal IQ owing to affected neural circuitry. Conclusion: It is recommended to investigate the causal and mediating role of tobacco in neuro cognitive deficits and neurobiological abnormalities in future clinical studies with better methodologies and alternative methods for detection.
Keywords: tobacco, neuro cognitive deficits, neurobiological abnormalities, neuro imaging.
Study on personality and neuropsychological aspects of substance abusers in rehabilitation settings
Sandip Manikrao Tambare,1 Kundan Kambale2
1Director, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management, Solapur, India
2Consulting Psychiatrist, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management, Solapur, India
Background: There is a need to explore the personality and neuropsychological aspects of substance users in rehabilitation settings. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality and neuropsychological aspects of individuals using alcohol, cannabis, opioids and those using multiple substances within a rehabilitation set up. Method: Severity of substance use, personality and neuropsychological aspects such as problem solving and set shifting capacity was explored. Across substances, individuals with long term use consistently demonstrate neuropsychological impairments of executive (inhibitory) control, working memory, planning and decision making along with neuropsychological abnormalities involving fronto-temporal and basal ganglia circuits. Results: These deficits are dose dependent in some cases implying that they are a direct consequences of prolonged drug
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 101
exposure. Conclusion: The findings suggest that co-morbid behavioral, personality and mental health problems are common among those using substances.
Keywords: personality, neuropsychological deficits, substance use, rehabilitation setting.
Neuropsychological sequalae and regional cortical volumes of cocaine use disorder
Rahul Joshi,1 Sunil Kumar Khokar,2 Corey Ratcliffe,3 Eduardo A. Garza-Villarreal,4 Jitender Saini5 1Clinical Psychologist, Dept of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
2PhD Scholar, Dept of NIIR, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
3PhD Scholar, Dept of NIIR, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
4Assistant Professor, Institute of Neurobiology (INB), UNAM campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
5Professor, Dept of NIIR, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
Background: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) has been associated with decrease in cortical volumes and functional impairments. Aims and objectives: This study has threefold objectives, a) to compare the regional cortical volumes in CUD and healthy controls (HC), b) to compare the performance of CUD and HC on neuropsychological measures, and c) to examine the association between the regional cortical volumes and performance on neuropsychological measures. Method: Data was acquired from the open-access Mexican magnetic resonance imaging dataset of patients with cocaine use disorder comprising T1-MR images, clinical measures and neuropsychological assessment data. Data of 139 participants (CUD-74 and HC-65) were used from the database. The regional brain volumes were computed using CAT 12. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 25. Results: Significant volumetric differences were found in the volumes of the left frontal lobe, right frontal lobe, and left insular lobe, between the groups. Further, the groups were found to have differential performance on measures of impulsivity, cognitive load, working memory and theory of mind. Significant associations were found between regional brain volumes and cognitive performance. Conclusion: The findings are suggestive of differential cortical brain volume and cognitive performance between the groups, along with negative associations between regional brain volumes and cognitive impair- ments.
Keywords: Cocaine Use Disorder, Structural MRI, neuropsychology, Open Access Dataset, Volumetry.
Metacognition and affect in relation to maladaptive mobile phone use among school children: an exploratory study
Andree,1 Sanjay Kumar Munda,2 Preeti Gupta3
1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Jharkhand
2Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Jharkhand
3Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Jharkhand
Background: Maladaptive mobile phone use is not uncommon among school children. Recent research has suggested that metacognitions and affect may play a role across the spectrum of addictive behaviours, including problematic use of technological devices. The presence of stressful events and encounters along with poor emotion regulation skills may lead adolescents to relieve their negative emotions by using smart phones excessively. Aims and objectives: The goal of the present study was to study metacognition and affect among school children with maladaptive mobile phone use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The sample was collected online through google forms from 83 students of classes 7 to 9 from two second- ary co-educational schools from Kanke, Ranchi, India. This was an explorative study and data was collected from the school session of 2020-2021. Results: The results of the present study showed that 68% school going children from classes 7 to 9 had maladaptive mobile phone use out of which 20% had problematic use and 47.5% had occasional problems. There was a sig- nificant relationship between metacognition and affect in children with maladaptive mobile phone use. There was impaired metacognition in participants with maladaptive
102 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
mobile phone use. All the domains of metacognition were elevated in the problematic use group. Children with maladaptive mobile phone use have more negative emotions as compared to positive emotions. Negative affect was more in children with problematic mobile phone use as compared to those with occasional problems. Metacognitive impairment has a positive correlation with neg- ative affect in females with maladaptive mobile phone use as compared to males. Conclusion: Although more research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms, findings suggest a need to sensitize students and educators about the potential academic risks associated with high-frequency mobile phone use.
Keywords: affect, COVID19, maladaptive mobile phone use, metacognition.
An investigation into the characteristics of exercise addiction among female amateur runner in Delhi and NCR
Indu Bala,1 Mohsin Uddin2
1Research Scholar, Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences,
Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad
2Consultant, Ministry of Education, GOI
Background: People who are addicted to working out will maintain a very strict exercise routine, become preoccupied with it, continue to do it even though they are injured and further exertion is bad, refuse to stop exercising even when they want to, aim to burn more calories to lose weight, have a constant fear that they will lose the body they gain and obsess with physical fitness and exercise. These characteristics defines the component model of exercise addiction (EA). Aims and objectives: This study looks at exercise addiction (EA) in amateur runners from a variety of perspectives, including demographics (age, educational, marital and professional factors), training factors (duration of running activity, weekly time spent running, num- ber of events participated) and addiction characteristics (increase in activity, stress, time, intention effect and lack of control tolerance). Method: Exercise Addiction inventory (EAI) was used to assess the prevalence of EA in amateur runners. A total 100 females in the age group of 18-55 from Delhi NCR were selected for filling up EAI. Through observation and inter- view methods, respondents having EA were investigated for characteristics of EA. Results and conclusion: 39% respondents were found to have EA. Analysis of the data was done using the statistical measure to identify explanatory variables of EA risk and it was found that the respondents were showing variables of the Exercise Addiction Inventory.
Keywords: female, amateur runner, exercise addiction, stress, withdrawal.
Reasons of early dropouts in psychotherapeutic treatment of behavioural addiction
Megha Sharma,1 Lini Phillip2
1PhD Scholar, IGNOU Delhi
2Clinical Psychologist, NDDTC, Ghaziabad AIIMS Delhi
In the addiction treatment, treatment dropout rates are very high. Dropout is a crucial problem in the addiction treatment; therefore, understanding the reasons underlying this problem will help clinicians in developing new treatment strategies for treatment maintenance (Deane, F.P. et al. 2012; McKellar, J. et al. 2006). The present study aimed to review the literature exploring reasons for dropouts of clients diagnosed with behavioural addictions and related disorders. The identified factors include socio-demographic, clinical factors, personality features, co- morbid conditions etc. All of these factors will be discussed in detail along with supporting evidence-based literature in relation to behavioural addiction.
Keywords: Reasons, Early Dropouts, Behavioural Addictions, psychotherapeutic treatment.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 103
Does opioid substitution therapy improve the social functioning of opioid dependent individuals
Sabaresh1
1Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh
Background: Substance use disorder is a long difficult battle fought against onself. Among them, opioids are known for their highly enslaving property. Opioid substitution therapy (OST) has been proved to be an effective treatment for opioid dependence but the long term functioning of the individual and its impact on one’s family needs further evaluation. Aims and objectives: To assess the change in social functioning and family burden in patients on OST. Method: A prospective observational study in which patients recently started on opioid substitution therapy was followed up for 6months. Three assessments were carried out: at the first week of OST, third month and sixth month. The patients and their care-givers were assessed on the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) and Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS). Results: Initially, 45 patients were recruited, out of which 17 patients dropped out within 3 months and 5 more patients dropped out before 6 months, the total dropout rate being 48 % of recruited participants. In the treatment completers, there was significant differences in the mean scores of overall social functioning from base line to six months (p<0.001). Regarding family burden, in the treatment completers the mean scores of the all domains showed significant difference (p<0.05) at 6 months compared to baseline. Conclusions: Opioid substitution Therapy not only helps an individual by improving his functioning, but helps the family as a whole.
Keywords: opioid dependence syndrome, Opioid Substitution Therapy, social functioning.
Relevance of the virtue of courage in prevention of addiction during
adolescence: an integrative review
Supriya,1 Rajbir Singh2
1PhD Scholar, SGT University, Gurugram
2Professor, Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram
Background: Earlier development and dominance of effective neural network over judgemental network during adolescence may be responsible for risky actions during this period. Neurohormonal interactions further add to the emotional-judgemental incongruity. Moreover, high brain plasticity during early adolescence also makes them susceptible to addiction to alcohol and psychoactive substances during this transitional phase of life. Neuronal plasticity is associated with mental disorders like depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and addiction. ‘Have the COURAGE to say NO to drugs’ is a commonly observed theme in preventive programs of substance use disorders. Aims and objectives: This integrative review is aimed to explore the nature of the virtue of courage investigated for addictive behaviour as well as preventive programs in addiction. Method: Summarising the theoretical and empirical literature for synthesis of evidence with reference to relevance of courage in addictive behaviour and prevention in addiction. Results and conclusion: Behavior and emotional flexibility is reflected through resilience. The virtue of courage is an important positive personal resource which can be cultivated and harvested to enhance resilience. The other linked important personal resources are optimism and hope. The scope of interventional applications for cultivating and harvesting courage in prevention of addiction and mental disorders during adolescence cannot be ruled out.
Keywords: addiction, courage, prevention.
104 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Alcohol is more dangerous than cannabis consumption: Perception towards alcohol and cannabis use and abuse among the Indian population
Aayushi Mittal,1 Harsimarpreet Kaur,2 Mini Narayan3
1Psychologist, Centre for Child & Adolescent Wellbeing, New Delhi, India
2Senior Clinical Neuropsychologist, Bloomfield Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
3PhD Scholar, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India
Background: Consumption of substances is on the rise in the country. Alcohol, followed by cannabis, is the most commonly used substance in India. However, there are limited studies available examining the perception, attitude and stigma towards both alcohol and Cannabis use and abuse. Aims and objectives: The present research aimed at understanding the perceptions and attitudes of people towards alcohol and cannabis use and stigma towards abuse across three age groups: adolescence, youth/emerging adulthood and early adulthood. Method: After obtaining the Institute’s ethical clearance, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 327 individuals (males = 112, females = 215) within the age range of 16-40 years. Along with a self-developed socio demographic proforma, the Drug Attitude Scale (DAS) and the Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSSAS) was administered. The responses were collected online using Google forms from PAN India due to the COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions. Results: A higher positive attitude was found towards alcohol use in comparison to cannabis use. Higher stigma was found towards cannabis abuse in contrast to alcohol abuse. The age groups differed significantly based on their attitude towards alcohol use as well as on their attitude towards cannabis use. A positive attitude towards both alcohol use and cannabis use was found in adolescence compared to youth/emerging adulthood and early adulthood. Conclusion: This research has implications for taking accurate measures to regulate the negative perceptions towards alcohol and cannabis and making inclusive environments. Raising awareness and creating policies are likely to de-stigmatise negative perceptions. Future studies may aim at understanding the impact of negative perceptions and treatment-seeking behaviour, along with the impact of negative perceptions on the consumers of the substances.
Keywords: substance use, stigma, attitude.
Health promoting behaviour in adolescents: Prevention in addiction!
Shweta Sharma1
1Ph.D Scholar in Applied Psychology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and
Studies, Faridabad, India
Background: Overt behavioural patterns, actions, and habits related to health enhancement, health restoration, and maintenance are referred to as health behaviours. Adolescence is a unique and formative time. Physical, emotional and social changes, including exposure to abuse or violence, can make adolescents vulnerable to addiction. Protecting adolescents from addiction, promoting health behaviour and psychological well-being, and ensuring access to mental health care are critical for their health and well-being. Adolescence is a crucial period for developing social and emotional habits important for mental well-being, these include adopting healthy sleep patterns; exercising regularly; developing coping, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills; and learning to manage emotions. Protective and supportive environments in the family, at school and in the wider community are important. The use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs poses a special threat to young people because of the short-term and long-term consequences of substance abuse. It causes double threat through the mental health consequences of addiction. Individual factors, interactive patterns, relationship factors and social influences are some of the factors that influence the likelihood of engaging in health- compromising behaviours during adolescence. Both positive and negative health behaviours may be influenced by a variety of factors, such as awareness, attitudes, and behaviors, in addition to societal and legal constraints, socio economic background. However, lower health literacy is associated with more unhealthy health behaviour, resulting in likelihood of addiction among adolescents.
Keywords: health behaviours, addiction, adolescence
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 105
Sleep disturbance and relapse: A systematic review of literature
Indrani Sarkar,1 Payel Dey Ghosh2
1Research scholar, Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences,
Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences,
Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India
Background: Sleep and addiction are found to be interrelated. While addiction increases sleep disturbances like insomnia, hypersomnia and apnea, poor sleep quality also increases the risk of addiction. Many researchers have found this bidirectional relationship but only a few have ventured into the prolonged effects of sleep disturbance due to poor quality of life on the risk of relapse. Aims and objectives: This review aims to assess such relationships between sleep disturbance after abstinence to help reduce the risk of relapse. Though sleep disturbances are common for people in recovery, they can continue even after abstinence, which can increase the risk of relapse. Methodology: This is a systematic review of the literature that included 10 original studies. Unoriginal and non-English studies were excluded. Result and conclusion: Research suggests that sleep has similar reactions in the brain to those that substance use and substance-seeking behavior influence. Existing studies highlight that recently sober individuals, when confronted with stress or other related factors, can experience a lack of sleep, which in turn can decrease the willpower to refrain from substance use. Furthermore, the review explores the various treatment programmes that incorporate strategies to counter sleep disturbances, resulting in successful relapse prevention treatment plans.
Keywords: sleep disturbance, relapse, addiction, recovery.
To evaluate the efficacy of relapse prevention therapy on severity, coping skills, emotional stability and quality of life among patients with alcohol use disorders: A longitudinal study
Deoshree Akhouri,1 Tabassum Bashir,2 Hamza3
1Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, JNMCH, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.
2PhD scholar (Clinical Psychology), Department of Psychiatry JNMCH, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.
3PhD scholar (Clinical Psychology), Department of Psychiatry, JNMCH, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are a significant and growing public health problem in India. Alcohol is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally and the same is true for our country India. A total of 3.2% of deaths worldwide are caused by alcohol every year. Alcohol use is quite common in India both in rural and urban areas with prevalence rates as per various studies varying from 23% to 74% in males and in females the rate 24% to 48 % in certain sections and communities. Aims and objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Relapse Prevention Therapy on the parameters of severity, coping skills, emotional stability and quality of life among alcohol use patients. Methods: A longitudinal study design of total 42 patients of alcohol use were taken as per pre-decided inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was recruited through purposive sampling methods from the Out-patient Department and the In-patient Department at J.N. Medical College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh. Patients were provided 8 therapeutic follow-up sessions from March 2022 to October 2022. Descriptive data were collected by using semi- structured socio-demographic and clinical data sheet especially designed for this study along with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, WHO Quality of Life Scale, Emotional Stability Questionnaire, pre and post intervention. Results: Significant findings were achieved on statistical analysis at pre and post intervention which reflects significant findings with good effect size after the intervention of PRT. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Relapse Prevention therapeutic intervention is effective in the management of alcohol use patients in all parameters.
Keywords: Alcohol use disorder, morbidity, mortality, relapse prevention therapy, coping skills, severity, and life satisfaction.
106 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in substance use disorder; randomized control trials (Phase 1)
Deoshree Akhouri,1 Hamza,2 Tabassum Bashir3
1Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.
2PhD scholar (Clinical Psychology), Department of Psychiatry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.
3PhD scholar (Clinical Psychology), Department of Psychiatry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.
Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by recurrent and maladaptive use of drugs and/or alcohol. 155 to 250 million people, or 3.5% to 5.7% of the world’s population aged 15-64 years use other psychoactive substances such as cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, and non-prescribed psychoactive prescription medication. Aims and objectives: To investigate whether a 12-session intervention consisting of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was more efficacious than routine treatment (pharmacological alone) in reducing substance use and improving other symptomatology. It also investigated whether the effect of CBT techniques would be maintained over time (3 months). Method: 26 participants with SUDs as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the present study from the OPD and IPDs of the Psychiatry Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Aligarh. Participants were randomly allocated to motivational interviewing and CBT or treatment as usual (TAU) and were assessed on multiple outcomes at baseline, at 12th week, and 3 months follow-up. Results and conclusion: There were significant improvements over time in the sample. The motivational interviewing/CBT intervention was found efficacious in treating SUD with good effect size.
Keywords: substance use disorder, motivational interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, symptomatology.
A case report on client diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome
Shefeena Jacob1
Consultant Clinical Psychologist & Assistant Professor, PP Savani University, Surat, India
Background: Alcohol addiction is a complex and dynamic process. Prolonged excessive alcohol consumption causes neuroadaptive changes in the brain’s reward and stress systems. Alcohol dependence has been also linked to numerous social, economic and health problems. Aims and objectives: The case study aims to highlight reduction in symptoms of a client diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome by bringing changes in motivation levels and enhance coping skills. Methodology: The client was assessed and diagnosed and a treatment plan was developed. Implemented treatment consisted of motivational enhancement therapy, components of cognitive behavioural therapy, refusal skills, relaxation therapy, anger management and sleep hygiene. The Mini Mental Status Examination, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Alcohol Craving Questionnaire, Clinical anger Scale, Sack’s Sentence Completion Test and Beck Depression Inventory were used to access the severity of the symptoms. Result and conclusion: The results indicated a significant decline in the alcohol dependence symptoms over the course of the treatment. At the onset of treatment, the client’s AUDIT score was moderate – severe alcohol use with high scores on compulsivity and expectancy on the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire. At the conclusion of the treatment, the AUDIT scores decreased to low-risk consumption with low scores of compulsivity and expectancy on the Alcohol Craving Questionnaire. The client self-reported an improvement in aggressive symptoms, motivation level, sleep and enriched coping skills. Treatment also includes a particular emphasis on concerns regarding relapse prevention.
Keywords: alcohol dependence, Motivation Enhancement Therapy, sleep hygiene, anger management, relapse prevention.
Psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents and young adults: a literature review
Nehal Lala1
1Post graduate scholar, Department of Applied Psychology, Manav Rachna University
Background: Abuse of licit and illicit substances is quite prevalent among adolescents and young adults. The most common psychiatric disorders that affect these age groups include depression, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 107
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behaviour disorders and eating disorders. Aims and objectives: The aim of this paper is to analyse the pervasiveness of substance dependence and psychiatric comorbidities among adolescents and young adults and assess their impact and implications. Method: A thorough literature review was conducted to meet the aim. Results: The findings suggest that adolescents and young adults diagnosed with depression, anxiety disorders, post- traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, ADHD and eating disorders show a high rate of substance abuse. Conclusion: Adolescents and young adults with certain psychiatric disorders demonstrate instances of substance abuse. More research has to be conducted to shed light on the existence of psychiatric comorbidities in this population.
Keywords: substance use, psychiatric co-morbidities, adolescents, young adults.
Substance use disorder and its relation to attention deficient hyperactivity disorder
Rachit Singhania,1 Robin Victor,2 Priyaranjan Avinash,3 Rohit Gondwal4
1Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical sciences,
Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun
2,3Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences,
Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun
3Medical Officer, State Mental Health Institute, Selaqui, Uttarakhand
Background: ADHD has a bidirectional and complex relationship with substance use disorder. Young adults with ADHD have a higher chance to be addicted to the substances especially with stimulant type of drugs. Aims and objectives: The current study explores the relationship between different substance use disorders and ADHD along with a comparison of physical and psychological symptoms among substance users with ADHD and without ADHD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. 153 patients with substance use disorder (SUD) attending the Psychiatry outpatient department of the Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, were conveniently sampled over three months. The ICD-10 criteria was used to diagnose substance use disorder. ADHD was evaluated using Adult ADHD self-rating scale. Maudsley’s Addiction profile was used to find physical and psychological symptoms in the selected participants. Results: Majority of the individuals with substance use disorder were males (98.7%), aged 25-29 years (45.09%) high school education (36.6%). Most of the subjects were taking opioid (38.56%), followed by cannabis (27.45%) and alcohol (18.3%). Maximum incidence of ADHD was present in cannabis use (47.61%) followed by tobacco use (30.88%) and opioid use (30.5%). There was a statistically significant positive correlation of ADHD with intake of cannabis (p=0.035) and negative correlation with alcohol (p= 0.032). The mean of both the physical and psychological symptoms was found to be higher in patients with substance use disorder with co-morbid ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is more prevalent with stim- ulant type of substance use. SUD patients with ADHD have higher physical symptoms and psychological symptoms.
Keywords: substance use disorder, ADHD, stimulants.
The missing link between opioid use disorder and seizures during opioid withdrawal: a case series from north India
Dharuvika,1 Priya Ranjan Avinash,2 Robin victor,3 Rohit Gondwal4
1Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences,
Swami Rama Himalayan University
2Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences,
Swami Rama Himalayan University
3Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences,
Swami Rama Himalayan University
4Consultant, State Mental Health Institute, Selaqui, Dehradun
Background: Seizure in the withdrawal phase of opioid use disorder is a rare presentation and has not been discussed in the literature, seizures during the withdrawal stage of opioid use disorder are frequently ignored or mistaken as
108 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
independent seizure disorders or epilepsy. Aims and objectives: The aim was to investigate the etiological aspects of this occurrence and retrospectively compare it with available literature on a national and international platform. Method: Eight cases of opioid use disorder that reported to our emergency/casualty department with generalised tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) episodes within 48–72 hours of cessation/reduction in amount of opioid usage (smack), in addition to other opioid withdrawal symptoms were documented. After giving initial management in emergency, they were shifted to psychiatry ward where the cases were thoroughly investigated, other causes of seizures were ruled out and sample for DOA-6 was taken. Apart from morphine, two individuals tested positive for benzodiazepines, one for barbiturates, and one for both in a urine sample, but the patients denied taking any other substance other than smack. This suggests that benzodiazepines/barbiturates may have been added to smack preparation and on stopping smack, the patient had benzodiazepine/barbiturate withdrawal resulting in seizure. Another important cause of seizure resulting from aluminium toxicity was also ruled out. Finally, patient management was done on buprenorphine and nalaxone in adequate doses. A diagnosis of seizure during opioid withdrawal was made for these cases. Results and conclusion: A meticulous history taken with a proper time-line for temporality is warranted in every case of seizure disorder with opioid use. The medical history along with detailed investigations including radiological, biochemical as well as urine drug screening is essential to explore the cause of the seizure. Once the diagnosis of opioid withdrawal seizure is established appropriate treatment should be started.
Keywords: case-series, opioid use disorder, opioid withdrawal seizure.
Prevalence of malnutrition factors in patients undergoing alcohol treatment
Kawita Patil Andhare,1 Sandip Tambare2
1Counselor, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management, Solapur
2CEO, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management, Solapur
Background: Alcoholism is a complex problem that affects nearly an estimated 237 million men and 46 million women globally. Heavy alcohol use has adverse effects on nutrition both because it displaces other nutritious foods in the diet. Chronic use impairs absorption and metabolism of many nutrients. Over many years of drinking, alcoholics develop poor eating habits and poor nutrition. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of malnutrition factors using a spread of measurements in patients undergoing alcohol treatment. Methods: Nutritional status of thirty patients admitted to Ayush Institute for Addiction Management was assessed by the Subjective Global Assessment. The Appetite Questionnaire (Sim- plified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire) and Diet-qu ality Questionnaire (Australian Recommended Food Score) was used. Results: The prevalence of mild/moderate malnutrition was 24% according to the Subjective Global Assessment. Weight and body mass index were associated with nutritional status. Appetite and diet quality were poor overall, with 88% of all participants requiring advice and guidance. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in this patient population is likely to underestimate the prevalence of nutritional risk factors under nutrition. Multiple tools assessing nutritional status, appetite, diet quality, results have different advantages and can further identify the specific needs and appropriateness of nutritional education in patients during treatment for alcohol use.
Keywords: malnutrition, substance use, alcohol dependence.
The impact of negative cognition in depression among alcohol dependence syndrome patients of Sikkim: moderating role of resilience
Ankita Paul,1 Satyananda Panda2
1Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Sikkim University
2Professor, Department of Psychology, Sikkim University
Background: The National Family Health Survey-4 of Sikkim (2015-16) has found highest alcohol consumption in the age group between 15–49 years with male percentage being 51.2% and female percentage being 23%. Past researchers
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 109
have found negative implicit cognitions to be related to depression. Research on adult children of alcoholics has revealed higher resilience abilities despite having stressful family environment. Aims and Objectives: The primary aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between Negative Cognition and Depression among Alcohol Dependence Syndrome patients of Sikkim while also examining Resilience as a moderator. Method: This was a cross- sectional study conducted at various hospitals and rehabilitation centers at Sikkim and used the convenience sampling technique. The sample comprised 40 male and 40 female participants in the age range 18 to 50 years diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome as per the ICD-11 criteria. The Automatic Thought Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Resilience Scale was used for the study. The data was analysed using SPSS Ver. 23 and PROCESS Macro Ver. 4.2. Results: There were significant differences between male and female patients of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome on the Clinical variables of Negative Cognition (p<0.01), depression (p<0.01) and resilience (p<0.05). Resilience moderated the relationship between Negative Cognition and Depression among female patients (-.004, p<0.05) of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome but this relationship was not evident among the male patients (-.001, p>0.05). Conclusion: Gender has an important role in under- standing Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Resilience plays an important role as a protective factor in females having Alcohol Dependence Syndrome in Sikkim. A similar finding was not evident among males having Alcohol Dependence Syndrome giving scope for future research on other protective factors that could be at play.
Keywords: negative cognition, depression, resilience, moderator, Alcohol Dependence Syn- drome.
A systematic review on association between childhood ADHD and substance use disorder in adulthood
Trusha Shanbhag1
1Research Scholar at Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi
Background: Current clinical practice increasingly presents adolescents and adults with substance use disorder (SUD).Childhood ADHD is considered a primary factor for the early emergence of substance use in adults with substance use disorder. Aims and Objectives: The review aims to understand the prevalence of childhood ADHD in adults with substance use disorder and the age of onset of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use in adults with SUD with and without childhood ADHD. Methods: A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase) was conducted to find observational studies that measured the prevalence rates of childhood ADHD and the age of onset of SUD. Data extrac- tion was performed by two independent authors (TS and SR). The review considered observational and intervention studies. Primary inclusion criteria were – a) participants with ADHD, b) Adults with SUD. Quality ratings for articles were done using a checklist based on ROBINS- 1 and the Observation study quality evaluation scale. Results: Results indicated that the prevalence rate for childhood ADHD in adults with substance use disorder was 13.92 (<0.0001). For the age of onset, the test of heterogeneity was significant (p<0.00001, I2=100%). Therefore, a random effects model was used to calculate the age of onset, which was 3.11 (95% Cl 0.85,5.44) years earlier for the childhood ADHD group compared to the non-ADHD group. Adolescent males were more likely to have an earlier onset and escalate to dependence as compared to females. Conclusion: Adults with substance use disorder show a high prevalence of childhood ADHD. Childhood ADHD can accelerate the pathway from early substance use through abuse and dependence.
Young men and women frequently receive gender cues from peers, parents and media that remind young women to be feminine and men to be masculine
Muskan Shah
Student
Background: Young men and women frequently receive gender cues from peers, parents and media that remind young women to be feminine and men to be masculine. It is possible that someone who has internalized their gender stereotypes would be more likely to conform to gender stereotypical roles. Aims and objectives: The present study focuses on the facets of gender stereotypes in determining career aspirations among adolescents. Method: The partic- ipants were
110 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
interviewed, the content will be analysed using thematic analysis in order to find overarching themes from the experiences of people within the Indian context. Significant statements made by interviewees will be clustered together to identify themes. Results and conclusion: The result of this study could tell us if the internalization of gender stereotypes could act as a potential barrier to adolescents’ career aspirations and their perception of what males and females can or cannot do in society. The analysis of the present study is still ongoing.
Keywords: gender stereotypes, career aspirations, adolescents.
Cognitive behaviour therapy and interpersonal therapy for patients with postpartum depression: a case study
JyotiSingh,1 Roopa Mathur,2 Monica Sharma3
1PhD scholar, IIS (deemed to be) University, Jaipur
2Professor IIS (deemed to be) University, Jaipur
3Associate Professor and Head, Department of Clinical Psychology
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and debilitating condition that affects many women after childbirth. Despite its prevalence, PPD often goes unrecognized and untreated, leading to negative consequences for both the mother and her family. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) are two evidence-based psychotherapeutic approaches that have been shown to be effective in treating PPD. Aims and objectives: This study explores the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) in the treatment of Postpartum Depression (PPD) in a single patient. Method: The patient was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Attribution Style Ques- tionnaire, Character Strength Inventory, and the Emotion of Self Scale. Results: Both CBT and IPT were effective in reducing symptoms of PPD in the patient. Additionally, the patient demonstrated improvement in attribution style, character strengths, and emotional regulation after treatment. The findings suggest that CBT and IPT may be useful interventions for indi- viduals struggling with PPD. Conclusion: Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of these treatments and their effectiveness in larger populations.
Keywords: postpartum, cognitive behaviour therapy, interpersonal therapy, depression.
Hedonistic wellbeing, self-esteem, and life satisfaction among young adults
Muskan Yadav,1 Swati Pathak2
1Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Delhi NCR
2Assistant Professor, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Delhi NCR
Background and aims: Hedonistic Wellbeing is an approach where individuals focus on pleasure attainment and pain avoidance. This study has been conducted to find out the effect of hedonistic wellbeing on self-esteem and life satisfaction. Method: The sample for this study were young adults that are participants in the age group of 18-25 years. This is a cross sectional study including 218 young adults recruited through convenience sampling. The questionnaires used are: Ryff’s Psychological Well Being, The Satisfaction with Life Scale and Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale. Results and conclusion: Pearson’s Moment Correlation suggested a sig- nificant correlation (at 0.05 and 0.01 level) of 0.359 between hedonistic well-being, life satis- faction and self-esteem. There was significant correlation (0.379) between life satisfaction and self-esteem. The results of the study indicate that young adults are able to retain hedonistic well- being, which has a direct impact on their self-esteem and results in better life satisfaction.
Keywords: hedonistic, well-being, self-esteem, life satisfaction.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 111
Exploring Sallekhana: a qualitative study to understand the beliefs and motivations of the practitioners
Sakshi Jain
MSc Counselling Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Delhi NCR
Background: Sallekhana is a sort of death in which a person voluntarily embraces death at the end of his life by observing the slow withdrawal of food and drink and spends his final hours in contemplation, putting away all worldly attachments, grief, and fear. Aims and objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the practice of Sallekhana. To find out what were the thoughts and beliefs that motivate people to practice Sallekhana and the impact of practice on the perception and view about death. Method: Around 8 participants who are Jain monks and are intending to engage in the practice were selected for the same. Purposive and snowball sampling was used. The data was collected with the help of a self-built and approved semi- structured interview schedule. Results and conclusion: The result indicated that the practitioners must believe that the only way to liberate oneself from the cycle of birth and rebirth is by practicing Sallekhana. They aim at reducing the attachment of the body in order to strengthen the soul. It must be done under the guidance of a monk. It was found that the practitioners generally experience a feeling of self- transcendence.
Keywords: Sallekhana, motivations, beliefs, self-transcendence.
A bibliometric analysis of suicidology in India
Sayed Ebrahim Mubasheer SM,1 Samina Bano2
1Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia
2Professor, Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
Background: According to the World Health Organization, around 8 lakh people die by suicide every year around the world and approximately 17 percent of these are residents of India. According to the National Crime Record Bureau, 1,64,033 people have died by suicide in India during the year 2021. Drug abuse and alcohol addiction is reported to have accounted for 6.4% of suicides in this year. Despite this alarming rate of suicide in India, there is a significant lack of research on suicides in India. Aims and objectives: This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of the current state of suicidology in India by analyzing and synthesizing Indian research studies on suicide using bibliometric analysis. Method: Relevant research papers were extracted from the Scopus database. A search string was formed by pooling various keywords related to suicide, and the search was limited to its presence in title, abstract, and keyword section. A total of 440 Indian studies were extracted for the further analysis using Scopus, Microsoft Excel, Vosviewer and Data Wrapper. Results and conclusion: The bibliometric analysis has shed light to the publication trend, thematic clusters and research collaborations in the focus area of this study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry (n=148), Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine (n=93)and Journal of Affective Disorders (11) were found to be most productive journals. Vikas Menon (n=31), Sujit K Kar (n=18) and Sandeep Grover (n=15) contributed most to the research on suicide in India. The bibliometric analysis has also revealed the pres- ence of 5 thematic clusters and demonstrated the research collaborations among researchers from different countries in studying suicides in India.
Keywords: suicide, India, drug addiction, bibliometric analysis.
Misophonia and social functioning : a qualitative study
Vanshika Srivastava
Post graduate scholar,
Background: Misophonia, a phenomenon first described in audiology literature, is characterized by intense emotional reactions (e.g., anger, rage, anxiety, disgust) in response to highly specific sounds, particularly sounds of human origin
112 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
such as oral or nasal noises made by other people (e.g., chewing, sniffing, slurping, lip smacking). Misophonia is not listed in any of the contemporary psychiatric classification systems. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this research is to study the effects that misophonia has on social functioning. Method: Clinical and research literature on misophonia was examined and considered in the context of the broader literature on what constitutes a mental disorder. Results and conclusion: The available evidence suggests that there is an impact of misophonia on social functioning on individuals. It also discusses the issues that arises in an individual’s social life due to misophonia such as withdrawing from social situations, strained relationships and partial support by family and friends.
Keywords: misophonia, social functioning, social withdrawal, strained relationships.
Managing relapse in benzodiazepine dependence precipitated by parental loss and guilt: A case report
Soumya Srivastava1 Geeta Singh2
1Professional Diploma in Clinical Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences,
Amity University, Lucknow
2Assistant Professor, Amity University, Lucknow
Background: The loss of a parent is a traumatizing life experience and is often linked to feelings of guilt. Normative sadness and suffering during the grieving process can cause people to develop unhealthy coping mechanisms, leading to substance abuse. The article presents a case report demonstrating the chronic alprazolam abuse by a 22-year-old male who was previously diagnosed with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder presenting with withdrawal symptoms when he decreased the dose from 20 mg to 7.5 mg. He was admitted to the inpatient unit for 40 days at the de-addiction center for treatment. Aims and objectives: The case description of parental loss and guilt is discussed in the context of benzodiazepine dependence that triggers associated relapse in an attempt to understand the mechanism of substance use further. Method: The case was conceptualized using the multimodal approach. A total of 10 sessions of eclectic psychotherapy including psycho education, a focus on the transtheoretical model of change and the cognitive approach for trauma-related guilt were delivered. Pre and post-assessments were conducted on WHO-Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, Hamilton’s Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton’s Anxiety Rating Scale. Other assessments included Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – IV, Sack’s Sentence Completion Test and Thematic Apperception Test. Result: The findings revealed a relationship between the grief experienced, trauma-related guilt, use of prescription medication and understanding the pattern of drug abuse. There was a reduction in cravings and depressive symptoms with improved socio-adaptive functioning. Conclusion: Anenhanced eclectic approach may be a viable intervention for benzodiazepine use disorders that should be further evaluated.
Keywords: alprazolam, benzodiazepine, depression, guilt, parental loss.
Cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in patients with alcohol use disorder: a correlational study
Shreya Jha1 and Satyam2
1Mphil Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, ABVIMS and
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, NewDelhi
2Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, ABVIMS and
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi
Background: Neurocognitive deficit and alexithymia are considered an important risk factors in the development, maintenance and recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Previous studies on biological correlates indicate individuals who drink excessively may have reduced cognitive resources available to regulate their emotions and behaviour simultaneously. Under- standing the relation between cognitive flexibility and alexithymia could help in
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 113
formulating and modifying the therapeutic interventions which could further contribute in better treatment outcome and lowering the rate of relapse in patients with AUD. Aims and objectives: The study aims at assessing the correlation between cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in patients with alcohol use disorder. Method: The study was conducted on 50 participants diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder in Delhi/NCR. They were assessed on the domains of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) and Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire(PAQ). Results: The results of the present study indicated significant level (P = 0.05) of correlation between responses on WCST with Positive-Difficulty Identifying Feelings (r = 0.290), Positive-Difficulty Describing Feeling (r = 0.294) and General identifying feelings (r = 0.205) sub-domain of PAQ indicating that deficits in cognitive flexibility may also be related to impact in presence of alexithymia in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between cognitive flexibility and alexithymia. This indicates that a lack of cognitive resources may lead to proneness to misidentification of feelings especially positive feelings, leading to experiences of more negative emotions.
Keywords: alcohol use disorder, cognitive flexibility, alexithymia.
Substance use disorder in consultation-liaison psychiatry services
1Anupama Arora,2 Ravi Sharma,3 Harshima Sawlani
1Senior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Dr. YSPGMC, Nahan
2Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, IGMC, Shimla
3Harshima Sawlani, Consultant Epidemiologist, IDSP, NCDC
Background: Consultation–liaison psychiatry (CLP) is a relatively young and upcoming sub-specialty of psychiatry and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has become a leading clinical focus for CLP. The presence of SUDs amongst patients with other physical and psychiatric disorders has important implications in treatment and rehabilitation. Aims and Objectives: To see the spectrum of substance use disorder in in-patients referrals and its association with other psychiatric illnesses. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year and a total of 342 inpatient referrals of substance use disorder were assessed. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire which contained socio demographic profile, clinical presentation. Final diagnosis was made according to the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Result: Amongst 342 in patients with substance use referred for consultation, 41.52% (n=142) had both alcohol and tobacco dependence, 27.49% (n=94) had only tobacco dependence, 21.05% (n= 72) had only alcohol dependence while 3.22% (n= 11) had only opioid dependence. SUD was more common in males (86.84%, n=297) belonging to 21-60 years of age (68.42%, n= 234). Majority of the cases (78.36%, n=268) were referred from the department of Medicine and Pulmonary Medicine. Delirium was diagnosed in 19.59% (n=67), Intentional self-harm (ISH) in 13.74% (n=47) while depression and anxiety were diagnosed in 9.36%(n=32) each. About one-fourth (25.73%, n=88) had comorbid involvement of Gastrointestinal system followed by respiratory system in 17.25% (n=59). The association between ISH and alcohol dependence was significant (p=0.01, Odds Ratio = 5.31).The odds of alcohol dependence were 6.03 times in married people and this finding was highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study suggests that alcohol and tobacco dependence are more com- mon in SUD and significant association is present between alcohol dependence and ISH.
Demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with nomophobia: a scoping review
Akanksha Jayant Rajguru,1 Yatan Pal Singh Balhara,2 Siddharth Sarkar,3
Ashwani Kumar Mishra,4 Rachna Bhargava5
1Ph.D. Scholar, AIIMS, New Delhi
2Professor of Psychiatry, NDDTC and Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS
3Additional Professor of Psychiatry, NDDTC and Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS
4Professor of Biostatistics, NDDTC and Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS
5Professor of Clinical Psychology, NDDTC and Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS
Background: Smart phones have become critical to communication, connectedness, safety, security, comfort and convenience. This results in compulsive and inevitable smart phone use to a point of extreme/excessive usage, dependence
114 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
and behavioral addiction. Hence, nomophobia or no-mobile-phone phobia, defined as the fear of being unable to use or being unreachable via one’s mobile phone has become a pervasive concern. Nomophobia has varied physiological, psycho-social and clinical implications in an individual’s life. Aims and objectives: This study aims to delineate demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with nomophobia. Method: Since, nomophobia is currently in an exploratory phase, a scoping review was conducted to systematically map the relevant evidence and body of literature in an attempt to identify associated factors, correlates and/or predictors of nomophobia. Results and conclusion: The findings revealed demographic variables such as age, sex, educational levels, parental employment status and smartphone use related variables such as duration of use, duration of ownership and frequency of checking smartphone impacts prevalence and/or severity of nomophobia. Psychosocial variables such as attachment styles, personality traits, loneliness, self-regulation, self-esteem, emotional regulation, locus of control and fear of missing out have been associated with nomophobia. Furthermore, smartphone addiction, anxiety, social anxiety, depression, social phobia, stress, obsession and compulsions and paranoid ideations are some clinical variables that have a significant associative or predictive relationship with nomophobia. Delineating these factors will ensure superior diagnostic accuracy and precision, successful delivery of targeted interventions, alleviation of potentially detrimental effects and prevent nomophobia from becoming a grave public health concern given the pervasiveness and inevitability of smartphone use in the current socio-cultural milieu.
Keywords: Nomophobia, demographic, psychosocial, clinical factors, scoping review.
Description of nomophobia among college students: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Ayushi Bharti,1 Rajeev Ranjan,2 Pankaj Kumar,3 Meha Jain,4 Shamshad Ahmad,5 Yatan Pal Singh Balhara,6 Siddharth Sarkar,7 Biswa Ranjan Mishra8
1Project Technical Officer, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS Patna
2Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Patna
3Additional Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Patna
4Child Psychologist, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Patna
5Associate Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Patna
6Professor, Department of Psychiatry, (NDDTC) AIIMS, New Delhi
7Additional Professor, Department of Psychiatry, (NDDTC) AIIMS, New Delhi
8Additional Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar
Background: Nomophobia is a situational phobia evoked by unavailability of smart phone, the thought of not having it, not being able to use it and losing it. Currently, instruments for assessment of nomophobia have limited applicability in the Indian setting. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to depict and understand the lived experiences of students with nomophobia. Methods: This interpretative phenomenological analysis research design was carried out at AIIMS Patna, AIIMS New Delhi (NDDTC) and AIIMS Bhubaneswaron 17 students from different academic backgrounds. An in-depth interview guide was prepared, students were selected based on a cut-off score more than 90, taking the scale from moderate to severe, i.e; 70-90 (NMP-Q-Nomophobia Questionnaire). The selected students with Nomophobia characteristics were called for in-depth interview. The data recorded data in audio and video forma was transcribed and translated from Hindi to English language.Themes were extracted through NVivosoftware and coded by the team themselves. Results: Six superordinate themes were identified. Digital obsession: it is the excessive use of smartphone. The students encounter separation anxiety if away from it. Digital Compulsion: their resistible behaviour shown by the students to use smartphone despite knowing its harmful consequences. Approval motivation: it represents seeking emotional validation or social acceptance on the social media by the youth. Digital Intensement: It highlights the importance of smartphone placed in their life. Digital Well-Being: the benefits of smartphone use was extracted through various themes. Insight: this theme denotes awareness, acceptance and attribution of the smartphone usage and its negative impacts. Conclusion: The lived experiences of the students had explicitly shown a strong inclination towards the smartphone and for some of its imperative utilities when away from it. The themes of this study will be utilised to build a validating questionnaire to assess the severity of nomophobia.
Keywords: nomophobia, smartphone, lived experiences, in-depth interview, interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 115
Management of low motivation and feasibility issues of the patients with substance use disorder
Naseem Ahmad,1 Harpreet Batia2
1Research Scholar, University of Delhi, Delhi
2Associate Prof. Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Delhi
Background: Substance use disorders is a complex brain disease, which is considered as significant risk factors contributing to premature deaths (Patel et al., 2016). It is reported that more than 87% people with substance use disorders do not receive any treatment (Nagendra 2019), despite of availability of number of evidence based and cost effective treatments. Previous researches indicate that Participation in treatment has generally been associated with positive outcomes however patients with SUD do not enter or engage into the treatment. Researches indicate that Personality characteristics such as motivation level and feasibility issues such as time, cost, and transportation problems may all serve as barriers to successful linkage with treatment (Bohart et al., 2012, Hawton, 2015, Mohr et al. 2010). Aim & Objective: The aim of this research paper was to develop a barrier management module to manage low motivation and feasibility issues of the patients with substance use disorder. Method: For this purpose a total of 40 subjects with SUD will be selected randomly and will be divided into two groups. Barrier to Psychological Services Scale to assess motivation level, Alcohol Severity Scale to see the treatment outcome and Psycho-social treatment Compliance Scale Will be used as pre and post assessment measures. Result: The result of the present study is awaited. Con- clusion: It is assumed that treatment group will have better outcome measure than the control group. The present research could be implemented to manage the barriers for seeking psychological services for patients with substance use disorder.
Keywords: Barriers, Motivation level, Compliance, feasibility issues.
A study on internet gaming addiction and its association with psychological and behavioural problems among youth: A review
Yukti,1 Akshita Agrawal2
1Ph.D. (Clinical Psychology) Scholar, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
2Ph.D. (Clinical Psychology) Scholar, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
Introduction: Online games are characterized by real-time interaction and a lack of boundaries. Online gaming is prevalent among youth, specifically among young adults; it is one of the topmost activities they engage in. Many individuals are playing online internet-based games without any severe effect on their being, but in some way or another several players appear to have severe mental, behavioral and psychological problems. Hence, thereafter American psychiatric association presented the “Internet gaming disorder” in the newest publication of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders in sec 3 for further research. Objectives The present study is aimed to study the psychological and behavioral impact of online gaming on youth. Methodology: An integrated literature review method will be used. Discussion: There are many people playing the internet or computer-generated games without any thought- ful effect on their living, but according to some research, some players appear to have serious mental, behavioral and psychological problems, therefore, this study has attempted to study the psychological and behavioral impact of online gaming on youth. Conclusion: There has been too little public action and debate regarding the best measure to reduce exposure to online gaming in youth. Awareness regarding the overuse or misuse of resources available for online gaming and hence limiting the overuse for a better future should be created.
Keywords: Online Gaming, Internet gaming addiction, psychological and behavioral problems.
116 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
A comparative exploration of the impact of group therapy in patients with substance abuse (edited title)
Nishtha Kumar,1 Jyoti Mishra Pandey,2 B.S. Chavan,3 Ajeet Sidana,4 Subash Das5
1Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Holy Family Hospital New Delhi
2Clinical psychologist, Department of Psychiatry, Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh
3Professor & Head, Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh
4Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh
5Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh
Background: Clients’ motivation to change in substance use has often been the focus of clinical interest and frustration. Motivation has been described as a prerequisite for treatment, without which the clinician can do little. Treatment approaches designed to enhance patients’ intrinsic motivation include brief intervention, motivational interviewing, and motivational enhancement therapy (MET). Motivation was often viewed as the client’s responsibility, not the clinician’s. This research represents a paradigm shift in understanding client’s motivation and the clinician’s role in shaping, promoting and maintaining positive behavioral change. Aims and objectives: Evaluate the impact and assess the difference of group therapy in patients with substance abuse for motivation and relapse prevention who were given therapeutic interven- tion, and control group who were only on pharmacological treatment and were not given any therapeutic intervention. Method: Participants (N=40) will be taken in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria; 20 patients from inpatient unit and 20 patients from outpatient unit from Department of Psychiatry, GMCH, Chandigarh. Socio-Demographic data sheet, Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (Socrates) (Miller et al., 1990) will be used for the assessment. The experimental group will be exposed to structured therapy. Appropriate statistics will be applied. Results and conclusion: The results will be presented at the time of conference.
Keywords: motivation, change, substance abuse.
Temperament and personality as risk factors for substance use disorders and addiction
Nitin Kumar Kishor Alandkar,1 Sandip Tambare2
1Senior Clinical & Rehabilitation Psychologist, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management,
Solapur, Maharashtra
2CEO, Ayush Institute for Addiction Management, Solapur, Maharashtra
Background: Temperament and personality as risk factors for substance use disorder and addiction. Aims and objectives: Understanding drug addiction from a relationship between measures of impulsivity and related constructs in childhood and development of later substance use disorders in adulthood. Method: Certain personality characteristics may influence an individual’s decision to use drugs as well as their liability to develop problematic use such as mood disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, passive aggressive personality disorder, dependent personality disorders, negative affectivity/neuroticism and anti social personality disorder. Results: Difficulty with affect regulation and less tolerance to stressful life events is a risk for substance use. Conclusion: There is growing evidence to suggest that adolescent substance use disorder may not only result in disinhibited behavior or impulsivity but may reflect Pre- Frontal Cortical function in both children and adults. This polymorphism is less common in drug addicted populations there by potentially increasing vulnerability to Pre-frontally mediated cognitive deficits with chronic drug use.
Keywords: temperament, personality, risk factors, substance use.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 117
Early maladaptive schemas and social cognition in individuals with substance dependence and healthy controls: A comparative cross-sectional study
Sajna Sajan,1 Geeta Singh2
1M.Phil Clinical Psychology Trainee, Department of Clinical psychology,
Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow
2Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural and
Allied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow
Background: A sizable number of adults worldwide including India are dependent on different kinds of substances and require immediate intervention. Cognitive processes including early maladaptive schemas and social cognitions plays a potential vulnerability factor in the development of substance abuse. Review of Literature strongly supports the existence of early maladaptive schemas and socio cognitive deficits in individuals with substance use disorder. However, no studies are conducted in the Indian context to explore the mechanism of interconnection between early maladaptive schemas and social cognition in substance dependence. Aims and objectives: The study aimed to examine early maladaptive schemas and social cognition in individuals with substance dependence compared to healthy populations. Method: For the current comparative cross-sectional study, 30 participants with substance dependence and 30 non-clinical sample (matched on age and gender) between the age range of 20 to 50 years were purposively sampled from the inpatient and outpatient department of various hospital and deaddiction centers in Lucknow and from the community setup respectively from January 2023 to February 2023. Individuals diagnosed with any of the Substance dependence as per the diagnosis criteria ICD-10 (WHO, 1993) and seeking treatment for the same were recruited in the substance dependence group. Non- clinical samples were screened using 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Outcome measures were measured in both the groups using 90 item Young Schema Questionnaire- Short Form (YSQ-3SF) and Social Cognition and Screening Questionnaire (SCSQ). Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to compare the baseline data. Group difference will be calculated using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with baseline covariate adjustment and Bonferroni correction. Results and conclusion: The findings will be shared at the time of presentation.
Keywords: substance dependence, early maladaptive schemas, social cognition
A case study on multiple substance use associated with conduct behavior Tanveera Khatun Pathan
Counselor and Assistant Professor, P.P. Savani School of Liberal Arts and Management, P.P.
Savani University, Surat
Background: Substance use is found to be very common problem among today’s adolescents and early adults. Many of the cases of multiple substance abuse within the teenage population have been identified. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the causative factors behind the multiple substance abuse by using in-depth analysis of the case and identifying treatment measures most suitable. Method: A case-study method was used for the in- depth interview, motivational interviewing along with techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy. An 18-year-old male teenager was referred by the class coordinator for the management of conduct behavior. There were issues of childhood behavioral problems (as referred by par- ents) including superiority complex, arrogant attitude along with argumentative behavior with parents and faculty members. There was a history of early sexual engagement and multiple sexual partners, he was found to use multiple substances. Results and conclusion: In the therapeutic management the motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapeutic techniques has been used. Gradual improvement has been noted in the behavioral symptoms and reduction in smoking and alcohol use has been identified. The other substances were rarely used by teenager and he was not addicted to them.
Keywords: case study, conduct issues, polysubstance disorder, therapy.
118 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Addiction to video games and attachment styles in young individuals: A systematic literature review
Monica Thongam Nakra,1 Azmat Jahan2
1Researcher, Manav Rachna International Institute of research and studies University
2Asst Prof., Manav Rachna International Institute of research and studies University
The use of the Internet, video games, and gambling are common examples of regular activities that have the potential to develop into behavioral addictions. There is mounting evidence that non-drug addictions are coping mechanisms and that attachment styles, particularly in young individuals, are likely to be important factors in the emergence of such addictions. In order to better understand the relationship between attachment, coping, and behavioural addictions such as video game addiction. The current study set out to understand the association between videogame addiction and attachment styles; and also to examine the mediating/moderating role that coping plays in the relationship between attachment and these behavioural addictions. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar searches revealed a total of 50 works that were published between 2000 and 2022 that satisfied the inclusion criteria of this research. With the exception of self-criticism and emotional avoidance, it was discovered that the majority of coping mechanisms were connected to attachment types. Problem avoiding behaviour in particular was strongly linked with all behavioural addictions. Also, there was a strong relationship between self-blame and problem-solving, Internet addiction, and problematic video game use. Lastly, it was discovered that coping was a mediator and moderator be- tween attachment, problematic Internet use, and video game addiction.
Keywords: Addiction, attachment styles, videogame, behavioral, individuals.
“The internet plays us so easily” — A qualitative exploration of understanding the consequences of internet addiction among the digitally native generation
Karishma Godara,1 Sanjeev P. Sahni,2 Mohita Junnarkar2
1Research Officer National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre & Department of Psychiatry,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2Professor Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O.P. Jindal Global University, India
Background: Studies have identified high rates and severe consequences of Internet Addiction (IA). Yet, there is a lacuna as to how the users themselves understand these consequences. Methods: Three focus groups based on their IA risk (as per Young’s Internet Addiction Test) comprising 25 (14 females, Mage= 18.52 ± 0.75) university-going were recruited. The Transcripts were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results: Most participants equated ‘internet addiction’ to ‘obsession’ and showed considerable insight regarding their own IA and dysfunctional patterns. Five super-ordinated themes comprising 12 sub-themes emerged focusing on the consequent risks of IA: (i) health-related consequences (mental health, physical health, and vicious circle of poor lifestyle), (ii) learning outcomes (over-reliance and distraction and infor- mation overload), (iii) social consequences (shallow relationships and bond, damages relationships, and safety blanket), (iv) instant gratification (Everything-at-a-tap Phenomenon and Lightning-fast Networks), and (v) covert addiction (socially approved and easily hidden). Conclusions: Exploring how individuals perceive the consequences or risks of a behaviour is pertinent to health communication. These findings highlight the aspects which can be used in therapeutic approaches and health communication programs for targetting IA.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 119
Lived experience and psychosocial impact of substance use disorder on an individual’s life and their close familial relationships
Namrata Gupta
M.Phil. Clinical Psychology (IHBAS) Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Vimhans Hospital, New Delhi
Background: Addiction (SUD) detrimentally impacts an individual’s life, along with significant bearings on lives of close family members, especially of those connected on daily basis. It’s a lived experience of shame, guilt, embarrassment and increased isolation. Aims: This case study is aimed at elucidating qualitative changes in lived and shared realties of client and their family members life’s through trauma lens of psychotherapy and change. Objectives: To better understand psychological and psychosocial variables of addiction and its impact as perceived by an individual and close family members. Methodology: The papers attempts to better un- derstand psychological and psychosocial variables of a 50 year old, male client belonging to upper-middle class, living in a traditional family setup in a urban city of India. Result: Psychotherapy Sessions for the Individual and family brought about changes in clients perception of self, cohesiveness among family members, reduced sense of guilt, isolation and increased sense of support and understanding. Conclusion: Trauma lens in psychotherapy for substance use disorder allowed to maintain a compassionate approach in process of psychotherapy, enabling psychological change and recovery with reduced resistance.
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of alcohol abusers qualitative findings from an exploration of alcohol abusers in ayush institute for Indian medical sciences
Ganpatsing Ratan Sing Pardeshi,1 Sandip Tambare2
1Project coordinator, Ayush Institute for Indian Medical Sciences
2Director, Ayush Institute for Indian Medical Sciences
Background: Despite high relapse rate among alcohol abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of alcohol abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals’ abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of alcohol abusers. Aim/Objective: To use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals’ abstinence in a real-life context. Method: Semi structured interviews were conducted with 30alcohol abusers admitted in ayush institute For Indian medical sciences guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Results: The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of alcohol, familiar venue of alcohol use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking alcohol were important factors that contribute to reinitiating and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeting those mentioned weaknesses and threats above. Conclusion: This SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengthening coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals’ sustained abstinence.
120 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Prevalence of internet addiction in Indian adolescents before and during COVID-19 pandemic: an overview
Malvika Parakh,1 Viju D. Paindath,2 Anuradha Sathiyaseelan3
1&3CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Department of Psychology, Main Campus, Bangalore
2CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Department of Psychology, Delhi NCR Campus
Background: With educational institutes shut due to the COVID-19 related lockdowns and restricted movement, the exposure and need for being online increased, leaving adolescents vulnerable to internet addiction. With many countries reviewing the current prevalence of internet addiction in adolescents and changes usage patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the latest data in India seems to be scarce. Aims and objectives: The study reviewed the prevalence studies done on Internet addiction in India prior to and during the pandemic with the objectives of examining the changes in prevalence rates of internet addiction, patterns of internet usage in adolescents prior to and during the pandemic and understanding the mental health challenges associated internet addiction faced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: A total of 74 studies that were conducted on adolescents in various parts of India from 2013-2022 were reviewed. The search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar, key words used were internet addiction, prevalence, adolescent, pandemic and India. Cross-referencing was done from the identified studies for additional studies. Results: The prevalence rates varied over a broad range from 0.70 to 35%. This broad range poses epidemiological challenge. These studies were done in individual cities with most sample sizes inadequate for generalization on the adolescent population in India. Findings of overall increase in internet usage and other mental health concerns during lockdown were common. Most predicted higher prevalence of internet addiction during the pandemic and in the post pandemic era. Conclusion: More comprehensive prevalence studies of internet addiction, with larger sample size across the country is required to gauge mental health challenges in the current and post pandemic world.
Keywords: internet addiction, prevalence, adolescents, COVID-19 pandemic
A systematic assessment of the effectiveness of psychological therapy in treating internet addiction-related mental health problems
Piyush Aggarwal
Ph.D scholar, Department of Psychology, Sharda University, Greater Noida
Background: Gradually internet addiction is becoming a serious problem. Several studies show that its effect on social withdrawal, academic decline, sleep deprivation, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts and other issues related to mental health. There is an urgent need to identify those suffering from internet addiction at an early stage and provide an effective treatment. Aim and objectives: The aims of the study are to explore the research showing the effect of internet addiction on mental health and to study the effectiveness of various psychological therapy tools in overcoming mental health issues related to internet addiction. Method: A systematic review of research articles published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language from 2012 to 2022 has been carried out. The articles were identified after a systematic database search. A total of 24 articles were selected for the review. Results: Mental health-related prob- lems associated with internet addiction suggests issues like depression, sleep deprivation, loneliness, depression, academic decline, loss of touch with real life, gaming disorders, suicidal thoughts associated with internet addiction. The psychological therapy used in treating mental health issues associated with internet addiction includes various tools like Multilevel counselling, Behavioural Therapy, strength exploration as an effective way to treat mental health issues related to internet addiction. Conclusion: The mental health of people is affected by internet addiction. Psychological therapy plays an important role in overcoming mental health issues related to internet addiction. Even pharmacotherapy proves to be more effective if used in combination with psychotherapy.
Keywords: internet addiction, anxiety, depression, sleep deprivation, psychological management.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 121
Vape addiction among adolescents and young adults in the digital era
Sujata Choudhary,1 Alpana Mohan2
1Assistant Professor, VMLG College, Ghaziabad
2Associate Professor, VMLG College, Ghaziabad
Background: In this digital era is vape addition is an emerging threat. Available studies show that vape is addictive. Psychological and physical dependence on use of vape may be more than nicotine. There is particular l concern about the use of vape by children, teens and even young adults. Aims and objectives: The main objective of this study is to create awareness regarding vape addiction among adolescents & young adults (aged between 14-30 years) and defining the role of the psychologist and counsellor in reducing vape addiction. Method: Secondary data (corresponding data) to sort out the major outcome regarding Vape addiction which is prevalent among adolescent and young adult was conducted. Informal interview was held with those with vape addiction and this was considered as a primary data. Results and conclu- sion: In the light of present findings, it is substantiated on the basis of previous studies and interview from participants addicted to vape that it is addictive. It is also cause of behavioural and cognitive problems. It may be concluded that for reduction of vape addiction, awareness programme/ workshop should be conducted time to time for young adults by counsellors and psychologists.
Keywords: vape, addiction, substance use.
Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of technology addiction among school-going adolescents in India: Findings from school-based cluster survey
Sangappa Vaggar,1 Senthil Amudhan,2 Girish N. Rao,3 Manoj Kumar Sharma,4
Eesha Sharma,5 Aishwarya B.,6 Devika A.B.,7 Akashanand8
1-3, 6-8Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore
4Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore
5Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India-560029
Background: Technologies like internet, gaming, mobile phones, and television has now become an integral part of everyone’s life. However, excessive, & inappropriate use sometimes cause technology addiction with adverse health consequences. Adolescents are prone to technology addiction due to their weak capacity for self-regulation, & greater risk of peer pressure. Though adolescents (10-19 years) constitute about 22% of population in India, research on technology-addiction among adolescents was very limited to inform evidence-informed policies and programmes to promote healthy use of technology among adolescents. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of technology-addiction (internet, gaming, smart phone, Television) among school-going adolescents in India. Methods: To ensure due representation from different socio-economic and cultural-gradients, one school and one PU college in south zone of Bangalore was selected randomly from each stratum (public-sector, aided, and unaided) using stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 816 adolescents completed the survey (age Mean=15.47; SD=1.4) by responding to the questionnaire that contained pre-validated and translated Internet Addiction Test-Adolescents, Game-Addiction Scale, Smartphone-Addiction Scale &Television-Addiction Scale in addition to socio-demographic details. Data were entered into EpiInfo, and analysed using SPSS. Prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence interval and associated factors were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of technology addiction among the users was 35.4% (95% CI: 32.2%-38.7%). Phone-addiction (34.4%; 95% CI: 31.4%-37.9%) was the most common addiction followed by gaming-addiction (5.5%; 95% CI: 3.4%-7.8%). Internet (94.6%; 93.0%-96.1%) was the commonly used technology with 51.7% (47.8%- 55.2%) of them having problematic use. Technology-addiction among adolescents was signif- icantly associated with psychological distress (Odds Ratio: 3.5; 2.1-5.7), parental domestic violence (Odds Ratio: 1.7; 1.2-2.6), bedtime technology use (Odds Ratio: 2.4; 1.1-4.8) and cyber bullying (Odds Ratio: 1.6;
122 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
1.1-4.8). Conclusion: The study findings point to the gravity of technology-addiction among school-going adolescents and highlight the need to develop multi component school health intervention to promote healthy use of technology among adolescents. Funding: “BIOCON Foundation”.
Keywords: Adolescents, technology-addiction, school-survey, gaming-addiction, phone-addiction, internet-addiction.
Substance abuse as a concern for adolescents: a descriptive focused group study
Meena Osmany1 and Shaleen Mitra2
1Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
2Research scholar, Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
Background: There is a high prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents in Delhi, however, there is limited information available on the specific patterns resulting from this prevalence. Aims and objectives: To identify different ways of preventing substance abuse in adolescents and understand the significance of imparting life skills education as a tool to prevent Substance Abuse among adolescents of the Delhi Government Schools. Method: A focused group discussion using 11 questions done with a group of 8 psychologists conducted Group sessions with adolescents in Delhi Government schools from January 2022 to June 2022 and applied thematic analysis to examine the substance abuse patterns. Results: The emerging themes of the study showed higher prevalence in boys compared to girls of a similar age-group with the age of onset varying depending on the type of substance first exposed to, maintaining 10 years as the minimum. Physical and psychological indicators were also identified. Common contributing factors to substance abuse were recognized out of which mass media, socialization, family influence, fear of exclusion and rejection are the main ones. The reported ways to help children with substance abuse comprised assertiveness training, inculcating feelings of belongingness, motivational interviewing, in-vitro exposure, and tapping on support systems. Prevention Strategies and help-seeking behavior were explored where the role of life skills education is to address the issue of substance abuse. Conclusion. This study showing the high prevalence of substance abuse in school-going adolescents in Delhi and may help influence policy interventions required to be made in the right direction.
Keywords: substance abuse, adolescents, focused group discussion, life skills.
Effect of Cognitive Retraining Module Among Students with Internet Addiction Disorder
Rabya Khatoon1 and Mona Tabassum2
1Research Scholar, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
2Head of the Department and Associate Professor of Psychology, R.N. College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
Background: Internet addiction disorder a newly emerging mental health problem in students. It is associated with student’s mood, behaviour and cognitive functions which affects students academic performance. Internet addiction disorder is a treatable disorder and specific treatment approaches have been adopted in different countries. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of cognitive retraining treatment on internet addiction among university students. Method: 30 students who are addicted to internet and meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Clinical data sheet and Young Internet Addiction Test (Young). Cognitive retraining executive functioning module had been used for neuropsycho- logical treatment. The study had been conducted in a Central University in Delhi. Pre and post research design had been used. t-test statistical method had been used for data analysis. Results: Pre and post intervention assessment results are significantly different. Severity levels of internet addiction decreased with the help of cognitive retraining treatment. Conclusion: This study main objective was see the effect of cognitive retraining techniques (executive functioning module) for improving cognitive functions of the university students those who had addicted on internet (Mild to severe). It is a new treatment approach for internet addiction dis- order
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 123
which help to reduce internet addiction problem and improve self-control, planning and decision making skills. This study is not helpful for students, it would be helpful for researchers and mental health professional to choose neuropsychological treatment for reducing behaviour addiction problems.
Keywords: internet addiction, mental health problems, behaviour addiction, cognitive retraining module, neuropsychological treatment.
Relationship between internet addiction disorder and cognitive functions among university students
Mona Tabassum,1 Rabya Khatoon2
1Head, Department & Associate Professor of Psychology, R.N. College, B.R.A, Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India 2Research Scholar, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
Background: Internet use is one of the essential academic and recreational tools for students. However, excessive pathological use of the internet leads to a negative impact on cognitive functions which are seen in daily functioning. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the present study is to see the relationship between Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) and the cognitive functions of the students. Method: The total sample for the present study was 100 with excessive internet use as an inclusion criteria. The age range was 18-26 years. The tests used were Young’s Internet Addiction Scale and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The present study was conducted at a central university in Delhi. One-time assessment was conducted. Correlation as a statistical method was used for result analysis. Results: It has been found that in the present study IAD has a positive and negative relationship with a different domain of cognitive functions on WSCT i.e., the total number of errors -0.079 and p-value is 0.133. The second domain is perseverative responses 0.015 and p-value is 0.894, the third domain is perseverative errors 0.007 and p-value is 0.495 the fourth domain is non-perseverative response - 01 and p-value is 0.290 and the fifth domain is conceptual level responses -0.061 and p-value is 0.273. Conclusion: This study helps give a clear picture of specific domains of cognitive functioning impairment which would be helpful for the mental health professional and researchers to make correct treatment approaches.
Keywords: Internet Addiction Disorder, cognitive function, mental health, behaviour addiction.
Association between nicotine dependence and serum BDNF levels in patients with DSM-5 major depressive disorder
Raja Babu Ramawat, Rizwana Quraishi, Raman Deep, Raka Jain
Department of Psychiatry NDDTC
Background: Role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been studied in the context of major depression, with evidence of lower peripheral BDNF levels in depressed individuals. However, literature is scant with regard to its association with nicotine dependence among the depressed patients. Very few studies have assessed serum BDNF in smokers, which suggest a possibly higher BDNF with nicotine dependence. Aims & Objectives: The study assesses serum BDNF levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), comparing those with and without nicotine dependence. Methodology: A total of 87 patients, aged 18-60 years, with DSM-5 diagnosis of MDD-currently depressed (HAM-D>7) were recruited, if they did not have co-occuring medical, psychiatric or substance use disorder apart from nicotine depend- ence. Participants were assessed using clinical proforma, NIMH-Life Chart Method, 17-item HAM- D and CUDOS. Three ml of venous blood sample was collected. The measurement of serum BDNF was carried out using Elisa method. Results: Mean age of the cases with MDD was 35.32 ± 11.69 years (43 males, 44 females), of which 11.5% (n=10 males) had nicotine dependence. Groups were comparable for age, education and depression severity scores. Serum BDNF in MDD patients with nicotine dependence (1.84 ± 2.01 pg/ml) was significantly higher (U=543.00, p=0.035) compared to patients without nicotine dependence (1.27 ± 1.75 pg/ml). Finding remained significant after restricting the analysis to male gender (1.84 ± 2.01 vs 1.29 ± 2.06 pg/ml U=247.00, p=0.017)
124 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Conclusion: Serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in depressed subjects with nicotine dependence. These findings may be explored further, with a special emphasis on smoking status of subjects in BDNF studies recruiting psychiatric patients.
Assessment of patterns of socio-demographic and clinical variables in intravenous opioid abusers presenting at a tertiary care center of North India
Simran Gupta,1 Anupama Arora,2 Poonam Gupta3, Dinesh Dutt Sharma,4
Ravi Sharma,5 Nidhi Sharma6
1,2Senior Residents; Department of Psychiatry, Dr YSPGMC and Hopital, Nahan
4,5Assistant Professor ; Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
6Professor and Head of Department, Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
3Clinical Psychologist; Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, PGIMS,UHS, Rohtak
Introduction: Opioids are natural or synthetic psychoactive substances used as analgesics and have a high abuse potential. Opioid use disorder is a chronic lifelong disorder with a potential of disability, relapses, and death. Aim: Assessment of patterns of socio-demographic and clinical variables in intravenous opioid abusers presenting at a tertiary care center of North India. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was at de-addiction clinic, department of Psychiatry, IGMC, Shimla conducted between January 2021 and June 2021. Socio-demographic profile, psychological and clinical variables were assessed using a pre-structured performa after establishing a diagnosis of opioid dependence. Results: The study sample com- prised of 121 male intravenous drug abuse patients, with mean age ± SD of 23.95 ± 2.89 years, majority were unmarried (90.1%), 91(75%) belonging to upper middle socioeconomic status. 90(74.38%) reported curiosity being the reason for first use, 45(37.2%) reported relapse after initial treatment, 24(19.8%) were admitted to rehab centers, 38(31.4%) patients reported behavioral problems during childhood out of which 31 reported history of nail biting; 39(32.23%) reported behavioral problems during adolescence. 7(5.8%) patients had medico legal cases against them. Conclusion: Over the past few years there has been a rapid increase in the usage of injectable heroin and synthetic opioid analgesics which has become a serious drug abuse problem which has resulted in the need for early screening in young adult about the pattern of substance use and explore the high risk behaviour practices.
Keywords: Opioid abuse, intravenous drug use, psychosocial factors.
Can digital well-being be a construct of nomophobia?
Muskan,1 Ayushi Bharti,2 Rajeev Ranjan,3 Pankaj Kumar,4 Meha Jain5, Shamshad Ahmad,6
Yatan Pal Singh Balhara,7 Siddharth Sarkar,8 Biswa Ranjan Mishra9
1Junior Research Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Patna
2Project Technical Officer, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Patna
3Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Patna
4Additional Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Patna
5Child Psychologist, Department of Paediatrics, AIIMS Patna
6Associate Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Patna
7Professor, Department of Psychiatry, (NDDTC) AIIMS, New Delhi
8Additional Professor, Department of Psychiatry, (NDDTC) AIIMS, New Delhi
9Additional Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar
Background: Considered a modern age phobia, nomophobia is described as the irrational fear or apprehension of being unable to access the smart phone or being beyond mobile phone contact. The presenting study explores whether Digital Wellbeing construct can be a part of Nomophobia or not. Aims and objectives: To understand the positive aspects of Nomophobia. Method: This exploratory phenomenological analysis research design was carried out on 17 students from various academic background from three centres of AIIMS (Patna, New Delhi and Bhubaneswar). Students were selected based on a cut-off score 90 and above on the NMP-Q-Nomophobia Questionnaire. An in-depth
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 125
interview of the selected students was conducted for digital wellbeing construct of nomophobia. The data was recorded in audio and video format, transcribed, translated from Hindi to English language, the themes extracted through NVivo software and coded by the team. Results: The findings identified eleven sub themes under the super ordinate theme such as easy accessibility of smart phone has made life easier and seeking resources is right a click away. Stress buster apps helps stress coping in channelized manner. Being connected has become feasible and convenient. Enhanced creativity for showcasing inner talent. Online stock marketing has been proved beneficial for them. Content creators- digital social media has enhanced their self esteem and self efficacy. E-counselling increased owing to confidentiality. Digital transaction made money transfers convenient. Educative purpose increased accessibility to information. Dating apps improved communication and social skills. Digital coping provided relief through scrolling down gallery, re- reading old chats and social media. Conclusion: The lived experiences of the students focused on the positive outcomes of smart phone usage which justifies that digital wellbeing could be a construct of Nomophobia.
Keywords: nomophobia, lived experiences, in-depth interview, digital well-being, exploratory phenomenological analysis.
Impact of family intimacy, conflict and parenting style on role identification of adolescents with parental substance abuse: a comparative study
Amit Khawas,1 Swati Akshay Sachdeva,2 Namrata3
1Research Scholar, Department of Sociology, Sikkim University
2Professor, Department of Sociology, Sikkim University
3Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, MANIT, Bhopal
Background. North-Eastern Indian states reportedly have the highest incidence of intravenous drug use (IDUs). A2020 study found substance use to be a major problem during the covid-19 pandemic in Darjeeling. Children are adversely affected by parental substance abuse. The roles which they adopt to protect themselves constitute rigid sets of defences and compulsive behaviours that have survived value in the short term but are dysfunctional when the child matures and leaves home. Aims and objectives. The present study assessed the gender differences among family relationships and role identification in Kalimpong and Darjeeling districts of West Bengal. Method. The descriptive survey study was conducted through various rehabilitation centres and community of Kalimpong and Darjeeling district of West Bengal using convenience sampling technique. The sample comprised 50 males and 50 females participants in the age range of 14 to 16 years with parental substance abuse diagnosed as per ICD-11 criteria. The following tools were used for the study: Intimacy, Conflicts and Parenting Style (ICPS) and Children of Alcoholics Family Role Instrument (CAFRI). The data was analysed using SPSS Ver. 23. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the gender differences on the socio-demographic and clinical variables. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the impact of a predictor variable on the criterion/outcome variable. Results: There were no significant gender differences on the clinical variables except on the domain of Family conflict and Placater role. Regression analysis indicates that Intimacy, Conflict and Parenting Style significantly predict the roles of Acting Out and Adjuster in females. Among males, only Parenting Style has been found to be a significant predictor of Acting Out role. Conclusion: Family relationships have an important function in understanding the social roles taken up by an ado- lescent having parental substance addiction as it aids in family-centred interventions.
Keywords: family intimacy, conflict, parenting style, role identification, parental substance abuse
126 Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024
Effects of substance use disorders on the family and intervention for family problem
Priyanka Rajendra Shinde,1 Sandip Tambare2
1Counselor, Ayush Institute for Indian Medical Sciences, Osmanabad, Maharashtra
2Director, Ayush Institute for Indian Medical Sciences, Osmanabad, Maharashtra
Background: Substance use disorder is associated with numerous medical, psychiatric, psychological, spiritual, economic, social, family and legal problems, creating a significant burden for affected individuals and their families. Aims and objectives: To study the effect of substance use disorders on the family and intervention for family problem. Method: The individual in Ayush Institute for Indian Medical Sciences assessed for family problems which included effects of substance use disorders on the family, emotional burden, economic burden, relationship distress, family instability, effects on the developing fetus and children and effects on parents. Results: Family interventions can help the family influence or pressure the member with the SUD to enter treatment and address the impact of the SUD on the family system. It can help develop family support for the member with the SUD and help the family address their own reactions and problems associated with their loved one’s SUD. It may involve participation in treatment, family support for problems, or both. Engaging the family, providing education, providing or facilitating family treatment, reducing the emotional burden of the family, helping the family support the member with the SUD, helping family members engage in recovery to meet their own needs and focusing on children. Conclusion: Families can help their loved one in several ways: facilitate their involvement in treatment, attend sessions together to address the SUD and recovery needs, engage in ongoing discussion about recovery, what can and cannot be done to help the member with the SUD, pointing out early warning signs of relapse that their loved one may ignore and helping them stabilize from a relapse if it should occur.
A short study during 3 months training on de-addiction, counselling and rehabilitation at
NISD (National Institute of Social Defence)
Archana Chaudhary
Rehabilitation Psychologist
The research aims to study and observe the psychosocial interventions in the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders. Addiction to substance remains as one of the major problems in the world. Today, the drug dependency places a huge challenge for India. Addiction contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality of human race. The National Institute of Social Defence is spearheading the fight against drug abuse with trainings and strengthening of the human resource. The work done by NISD is admirable in this regard. A three-month training program on drug abuse prevention and counselling, designed and executed by NISD is a way forward in the fight against drug dependency. The training module, capsuled with the theoretical knowledge and experiential learning. The course was designed to teach the various drug dependent issues faced by the individuals, the family, and the society at large. The four community clinic initiatives by AIIMS became the focal point of our learning during the field visit. Qualitative methods were used in the study, where basically information was gathered through interviews, observations, and interacting with the focus groups. The observations include, if the society, at large be educated about substance use disorder as an illness, then the stigma attached to it can be removed and even the society can contribute in the social re-integration of the people currently abusing the substances. Substance use disorder and delinquency are inextricably interrelated, identifying substance abusing youth in the juvenile justice system is an important first step for intervening in both their substance use disorder and their delinquent behaviour. There was a common pattern that was observed in the people, who indulged in this behaviour. Most of the patients were introduced to any substance at adolescents/pre-adolescents. If the intervention programs are designed to address these vulnerable groups, then certainly our objective of prevention of substance use can be achieved. Treatment has become more approachable. The overall attitude and perspective towards illness have changed with the learnings and exposure.
Journal of Society for Addiction Psychology | Volume 1 | Issue 1 | March 2024 127